3.4.31
Brahma Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.4.31
शब्दश् चातोऽकामकारे
śabdaś cāto 'kāmakāre
The line
A word and, therefore. ataḥ (अतः) before a voiced sound, in akāmakāra (अकामकार).
Where it sits
In Brahma Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Sādhana (साधन). The means: who is fit, what is meditated on, and the soul's path. The line is short. smaryate (स्मर्यते) from 3.4.30 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: śabdaḥ (शब्दः) + ca (च) + ato (अतो) + akāmakāre (अकामकारे)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| śabdaḥ (शब्दः) | nominative singular, masculine | a word |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| ato (अतो) | indeclinable | therefore. ataḥ (अतः) before a voiced sound |
| akāmakāre (अकामकारे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | akāmakāra (अकामकार) |
The phrases
śabdaḥ (शब्दः) is a word. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it śabdaś (शब्दश्). ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable.
ato (अतो) is therefore. ataḥ (अतः) before a voiced sound. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as cāto (चातो). akāmakāre (अकामकारे) is akāmakāra (अकामकार). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped.
Sanskrit in this line
The apostrophe is an avagraha. It marks an a that sandhi dropped. The sitting puts that a back. The line writes it śabdaś (शब्दश्). The line joins them as cāto (चातो). The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss śabdaḥ (शब्दः) and akāmakāre (अकामकारे).
Next
3.4.32. Because of vihitatva (विहितत्व), a compound: cā'śrama (चाऽश्रम), and action even.