Gāndharva (गान्धर्व)
Executive summary
Gāndharva (गान्धर्व) is the lore of music coming down. In the Bṛhaddeśī (बृहद्देशी), deśī (देशी) is the sound that has set out in country after country, and gāndharva (गान्धर्व) is what arises once the Vedas have come forth from sound. mārga (मार्ग) is named beside it as a way of two kinds. The other pages sit the seven notes, the word rāga (राग), the rāga (राग) as a person, the named vīṇā (वीणा), the flute in Bhāgavata (भागवत) 10.21, and the hours in the Saṅgīta (सङ्गीत) Makaranda (मकरन्द). Picture verses of a trident, of rain, and of lamps, and a verse that shapes a Rudra (रुद्र) vīṇā (वीणा) on the body of Pārvatī (पार्वती), are not in the editions sat here. The practice stays in Sangeet Yatra, outside this library.
नेपालीमा
गान्धर्व सङ्गीत परम्पराबाट आएको ज्ञान हो। बृहद्देशीमा देशी देशदेशमा चलेको ध्वनि हो, र वेद ध्वनिबाट निस्केपछि गान्धर्वको उत्पत्ति हुन्छ। मार्ग त्यसको छेउमा दुई प्रकारको बाटो हो। अरू पृष्ठमा सात स्वर, राग शब्द, व्यक्ति बनेको राग, नाम दिइएका वीणा, भागवतको बाँसुरी, र सङ्गीतमकरन्दको समय बस्छन्। त्रिशूल, वर्षा र दियोको चित्र श्लोक, र पार्वतीको शरीरमा रुद्र वीणा बनाउने श्लोक, यहाँ बसाइएका संस्करणमा छैनन्। अभ्यास सङ्गीत यात्रामा रहन्छ, यो पुस्तकालयबाहिर।
The sittings on this page are Mataṅga (मतङ्ग)'s Bṛhaddeśī (बृहद्देशी), in the Trivandrum Sanskrit Series text of K. Sāmbaśiva (साम्बशिव) Śāstrī (शास्त्री), as the electronic transcription prints it. The manuscript is broken at the opening, so verse 1 is not sat. Verse 2 is where the name deśī (देशी) is given. Verse 10 is where gāndharva (गान्धर्व) arises. The practice that these verses are the lore of is Sangeet Yatra. The practice rooms live outside this library, so this page cannot put a link back inside them.
The pages
- The seven notes page gives each note a cry, a color, and, where the chapter says so, a deity.
- The birth of the rāga (राग) follows Mataṅga (मतङ्ग)'s derivation.
- Living forms sets the root rāga (राग) down as persons.
- The sacred vīṇā (वीणा) sits the lines that name one.
- The flute sits Bhāgavata (भागवत) 10.21.
- The hours page sets morning, midday, evening, and the third watch.
A sitting is one verse. The Devanagari is the recital. The split is the words before they join. The English sentence and the Nepali sentence are this book's own.
Bṛhaddeśī (बृहद्देशी) 2
This sitting is Bṛhaddeśī (बृहद्देशी) 2, in the Trivandrum Sanskrit Series.
देशे देशे प्रवृत्तोऽसौ ध्वनिदेशीति संज्ञितः ।
मतङ्गस्य वचः श्रुत्वा नारदो मुनिरब्रवीत् ॥ deśe deśe pravṛtto 'sau dhvanideśīti saṃjñitaḥ |
mataṅgasya vacaḥ śrutvā nārado munir abravīt ||
The line
That sound, which has set out in country after country, is named deśī (देशी). Having heard Mataṅga (मतङ्ग)'s speech, the sage Nārada (नारद) spoke.
नेपालीमा
देशदेशमा चलेको त्यो ध्वनि देशी नामले चिनिन्छ। मतङ्गको वचन सुनेर मुनि नारदले बोल्नुभयो।
Where it sits
This is the naming of earthly deśī (देशी). The next verses say what sound is, and where gāndharva (गान्धर्व) comes from. The practice is Sangeet Yatra. The practice rooms live outside this library, so this page cannot put a link back inside them.
Split: deśe (देशे) + pravṛttaḥ (प्रवृत्तः) + asau (असौ) + dhvaniḥ (ध्वनिः) + deśī (देशी) + iti (इति) + saṃjñitaḥ (संज्ञितः) + mataṅgasya (मतङ्गस्य) + vacaḥ (वचः) + śrutvā (श्रुत्वा) + nāradaḥ (नारदः) + muniḥ (मुनिः) + abravīt (अब्रवीत्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| deśe (देशे) | locative singular | in a country. Said twice: country after country. |
| pravṛttaḥ (प्रवृत्तः) | nominative singular | set out, gone forth. Recited pravṛtto (प्रवृत्तो) before a vowel. |
| asau (असौ) | nominative singular | that one. The visarga is dropped and an avagraha stands in the recital, 'sau. |
| dhvaniḥ (ध्वनिः) | nominative singular | sound. The recital joins it to the next two words. |
| deśī (देशी) | nominative singular | deśī (देशी), the country stream. The name being defined. |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | thus. Closes the name. |
| saṃjñitaḥ (संज्ञितः) | nominative singular | is named. |
| mataṅgasya (मतङ्गस्य) | genitive singular | of Mataṅga (मतङ्ग). |
| vacaḥ (वचः) | accusative singular | the speech. Object of having heard. |
| śrutvā (श्रुत्वा) | gerund | having heard. |
| nāradaḥ (नारदः) | nominative singular | Nārada (नारद). Recited nārado (नारदो) before a voiced consonant. |
| muniḥ (मुनिः) | nominative singular | the sage. Recited munir before a vowel. |
| abravīt (अब्रवीत्) | imperfect | spoke. |
The phrases
deśe (देशे) deśe (देशे) locates pravṛttaḥ (प्रवृत्तः). asau is the sound that has set out, and saṃjñitaḥ (संज्ञितः) predicates the name deśī (देशी) iti. The second line is a new clause: the subject is nāradaḥ (नारदः) muniḥ (मुनिः), the gerund is śrutvā (श्रुत्वा), and the verb is abravīt (अब्रवीत्).
Sanskrit in this line
The edition prints ध्वनिर्देशीति, without the र that sandhi of dhvaniḥ (ध्वनिः) before a voiced deśī (देशी) would give. The recital keeps the print. The split restores dhvaniḥ (ध्वनिः), deśī (देशी), and iti. The avagraha in pravṛtto (प्रवृत्तो) 'sau is the edition's own.
Say it back
What name does the sound receive once it has set out in every country?
Bṛhaddeśī (बृहद्देशी) 10
This sitting is Bṛhaddeśī (बृहद्देशी) 10.
ततो वाक्यान्महावाक्यं वेदाः साङ्गा ह्यनुक्रमात् ।
व्यक्तास्ते ध्वनितः सर्वे ततो गान्धर्वसम्भवः ॥ tato vākyānmahāvākyaṃ vedāḥ sāṅgā hyanukramāt |
vyaktāste dhvanitaḥ sarve tato gāndharvasambhavaḥ ||
The line
Then, in order, the Vedas with their limbs, the great sentence, were all manifested from sound. From that is the arising of gāndharva (गान्धर्व).
नेपालीमा
त्यसपछि क्रमले अङ्गसहित वेद, महावाक्य, सबै ध्वनिबाट व्यक्त भए। त्यसबाट गान्धर्वको उत्पत्ति हुन्छ।
Where it sits
This is the descent the book is named for. Celestial gāndharva (गान्धर्व) is what arises when the Vedas have come out of sound. The rooms of the practice are Sangeet Yatra. The practice rooms live outside this library, so this page cannot put a link back inside them.
Split: tataḥ (ततः) + vākyāt (वाक्यात्) + mahāvākyam (महावाक्यम्) + vedāḥ (वेदाः) + sāṅgāḥ (साङ्गाः) + hi (हि) + anukramāt (अनुक्रमात्) + vyaktāḥ (व्यक्ताः) + te (ते) + dhvanitaḥ (ध्वनितः) + sarve (सर्वे) + gāndharvasambhavaḥ (गान्धर्वसम्भवः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tataḥ (ततः) | indeclinable | from that. Recited tato before a voiced consonant. |
| vākyāt (वाक्यात्) | ablative singular | from the sentence. Recited vākyān (वाक्यान्) before m. |
| mahāvākyam (महावाक्यम्) | nominative singular | the great sentence. In apposition with the Vedas. |
| vedāḥ (वेदाः) | nominative plural | the Vedas. |
| sāṅgāḥ (साङ्गाः) | nominative plural | with their limbs. Recited sāṅgā (साङ्गा) before h. |
| hi (हि) | indeclinable | indeed. Recited hy before a vowel. |
| anukramāt (अनुक्रमात्) | ablative singular | from the sequence, in order. |
| vyaktāḥ (व्यक्ताः) | nominative plural | manifested. Heard as व्यक्तास् before t. |
| te (ते) | nominative plural | they. |
| dhvanitaḥ (ध्वनितः) | ablative singular | from sound. |
| sarve (सर्वे) | nominative plural | all. |
| gāndharvasambhavaḥ (गान्धर्वसम्भवः) | nominative singular | the arising of gāndharva (गान्धर्व). |
The phrases
tataḥ (ततः) opens both lines. vedāḥ (वेदाः) sāṅgāḥ (साङ्गाः) is the subject, vyaktāḥ (व्यक्ताः) the predicate, dhvanitaḥ (ध्वनितः) the source. gāndharvasambhavaḥ (गान्धर्वसम्भवः) is a second predicate after the second tataḥ (ततः): from that, gāndharva (गान्धर्व) arises.
Sanskrit in this line
The edition prints the compounds without a space: vākyānmahāvākyaṃ (वाक्यान्महावाक्यं), hyanukramāt (ह्यनुक्रमात्), vyaktāste (व्यक्तास्ते). The recital follows that joining. hi before a vowel is hy.
Say it back
From what are the Vedas manifested, and what arises from that?
Bṛhaddeśī (बृहद्देशी) 11
This sitting is Bṛhaddeśī (बृहद्देशी) 11.
ध्वनिर्योनिः परा ज्ञेया ध्वनिः सर्वस्य कारणम् ।
आक्रान्तं ध्वनिना सर्वं जगत् स्थावरजङ्गमम् ॥ dhvaniryoniḥ parā jñeyā dhvaniḥ sarvasya kāraṇam |
ākrāntaṃ dhvaninā sarvaṃ jagat sthāvarajaṅgamam ||
The line
Sound is to be known as the supreme womb. Sound is the cause of everything. The whole world, what stands still and what moves, is pervaded by sound.
नेपालीमा
ध्वनिलाई सर्वोच्च योनि जान्नुपर्छ। ध्वनि सबैको कारण हो। स्थिर र जङ्गम सारा जगत् ध्वनिले व्याप्त छ।
Where it sits
This is the cosmology under the descent. Gāndharva (गान्धर्व) in the previous verse is an arising inside this cause.
Split: dhvaniḥ (ध्वनिः) + yoniḥ (योनिः) + parā (परा) + jñeyā (ज्ञेया) + sarvasya (सर्वस्य) + kāraṇam (कारणम्) + ākrāntam (आक्रान्तम्) + dhvaninā (ध्वनिना) + sarvam (सर्वम्) + jagat (जगत्) + sthāvarajaṅgamam (स्थावरजङ्गमम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| dhvaniḥ (ध्वनिः) | nominative singular | sound. Recited dhvanir before y. |
| yoniḥ (योनिः) | nominative singular | the womb, the source. |
| parā (परा) | nominative singular feminine | supreme. Agrees with yoniḥ (योनिः). |
| jñeyā (ज्ञेया) | nominative singular feminine | is to be known. |
| sarvasya (सर्वस्य) | genitive singular | of everything. |
| kāraṇam (कारणम्) | nominative singular | the cause. |
| ākrāntam (आक्रान्तम्) | nominative singular | overtaken, pervaded. |
| dhvaninā (ध्वनिना) | instrumental singular | by sound. |
| sarvam (सर्वम्) | nominative singular | all. |
| jagat (जगत्) | nominative singular | the world. |
| sthāvarajaṅgamam (स्थावरजङ्गमम्) | nominative singular | the unmoving and the moving. |
The phrases
jñeyā (ज्ञेया) predicates parā (परा) yoniḥ (योनिः), and the subject of that clause is dhvaniḥ (ध्वनिः). A second clause makes the same dhvaniḥ (ध्वनिः) the kāraṇam (कारणम्) of sarvasya. The second line is a fresh clause: jagat, called sthāvarajaṅgamam (स्थावरजङ्गमम्), is ākrāntam (आक्रान्तम्) by dhvaninā (ध्वनिना).
Sanskrit in this line
dhvaniḥ (ध्वनिः) before yoniḥ (योनिः) is dhvanir. The edition prints ध्वनिर्योनिः as one word, and the recital does the same.
Say it back
What does sound do to the moving and the unmoving world?
Bṛhaddeśī (बृहद्देशी) 12
This sitting is Bṛhaddeśī (बृहद्देशी) 12.
ध्वनिस्तु द्विविधः प्रोक्तो व्यक्ताव्यक्तविभागतः ।
वर्णोपलम्भनाद् व्यक्तो देशीमुखमुपागतः ॥ dhvanistu dvividhaḥ prokto vyaktāvyaktavibhāgataḥ |
varṇopalambhanād vyakto deśīmukhamupāgataḥ ||
The line
And sound is declared to be of two kinds, by the division into manifest and unmanifest. The manifest, from the taking up of articulated sound, has arrived at the mouth of deśī (देशी).
नेपालीमा
ध्वनि व्यक्त र अव्यक्त गरी दुई प्रकारको भनिन्छ। वर्ण लिएर व्यक्त ध्वनि देशीको मुखमा आइपुगेको छ।
Where it sits
This is the arrival in the country stream. The page on the rāga (राग) sits the later chapter, where that sound is said to color a mind.
Split: dhvaniḥ (ध्वनिः) + tu (तु) + dvividhaḥ (द्विविधः) + proktaḥ (प्रोक्तः) + vyaktāvyaktavibhāgataḥ (व्यक्ताव्यक्तविभागतः) + varṇopalambhanāt (वर्णोपलम्भनात्) + vyaktaḥ (व्यक्तः) + deśīmukham (देशीमुखम्) + upāgataḥ (उपागतः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| dhvaniḥ (ध्वनिः) | nominative singular | sound. Heard as ध्वनिस् before t. |
| tu (तु) | indeclinable | and, but. |
| dvividhaḥ (द्विविधः) | nominative singular | of two kinds. |
| proktaḥ (प्रोक्तः) | nominative singular | is declared. Recited prokto before a voiced consonant. |
| vyaktāvyaktavibhāgataḥ (व्यक्ताव्यक्तविभागतः) | ablative singular | by the division into manifest and unmanifest. |
| varṇopalambhanāt (वर्णोपलम्भनात्) | ablative singular | from the taking up of varṇa (वर्ण), the articulated sounds. |
| vyaktaḥ (व्यक्तः) | nominative singular | the manifest one. Recited vyakto. |
| deśīmukham (देशीमुखम्) | accusative singular | the mouth of deśī (देशी). |
| upāgataḥ (उपागतः) | nominative singular | has arrived. |
The phrases
dvividhaḥ (द्विविधः) agrees with dhvaniḥ (ध्वनिः), and proktaḥ (प्रोक्तः) is the verb. The ablative names the division. In the second line vyaktaḥ (व्यक्तः) is the subject, varṇopalambhanāt (वर्णोपलम्भनात्) the source, and upāgataḥ (उपागतः) the verb, with deśīmukham (देशीमुखम्) as its goal.
Sanskrit in this line
The edition prints deśīmukhamupāgataḥ (देशीमुखमुपागतः) as one run. tu turns the visarga of dhvaniḥ (ध्वनिः) into s.
Say it back
Which of the two sounds arrives at the mouth of deśī (देशी)?
Bṛhaddeśī (बृहद्देशी) 13
This sitting is Bṛhaddeśī (बृहद्देशी) 13.
अबलाबालगोपालैः क्षितिपालैर्निजेच्छया ।
गीयते सानुरागेण स्वदेशे देशिरुच्यते ॥ abalābālagopālaiḥ kṣitipālairnijecchayā |
gīyate sānurāgeṇa svadeśe deśirucyate ||
The line
It is sung, by their own wish and with feeling, by women, children, cowherds, and kings. In one's own country it is called deśī (देशी).
नेपालीमा
अबला, बालक, गोठाला र राजाहरूले आफ्नै इच्छाले रागसहित गाउँछन्। आफ्नै देशमा त्यो देशी भनिन्छ।
Where it sits
Earthly deśī (देशी) is this singing, in one's own country. The seven notes are the next sitting, and the practice rooms remain Sangeet Yatra.
Split: abalābālagopālaiḥ (अबलाबालगोपालैः) + kṣitipālaiḥ (क्षितिपालैः) + nijecchayā (निजेच्छया) + gīyate (गीयते) + sānurāgeṇa (सानुरागेण) + svadeśe (स्वदेशे) + deśiḥ (देशिः) + ucyate (उच्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| abalābālagopālaiḥ (अबलाबालगोपालैः) | instrumental plural | by women, children, and cowherds. |
| kṣitipālaiḥ (क्षितिपालैः) | instrumental plural | by kings. Recited kṣitipālair (क्षितिपालैर्) before n. |
| nijecchayā (निजेच्छया) | instrumental singular | by their own wish. |
| gīyate (गीयते) | passive | it is sung. |
| sānurāgeṇa (सानुरागेण) | instrumental singular | with feeling, with rāga (राग) in it. |
| svadeśe (स्वदेशे) | locative singular | in one's own country. |
| deśiḥ (देशिः) | nominative singular | deśī (देशी). Recited deśir (देशिर्) before a vowel. |
| ucyate (उच्यते) | passive | is called. |
The phrases
The instrumentals are who sings, and how. gīyate (गीयते) has deśī (देशी) as its unnamed subject, carried from the chapter. svadeśe (स्वदेशे) locates ucyate.
Sanskrit in this line
The edition prints kṣitipālairnijecchayā (क्षितिपालैर्निजेच्छया) and deśirucyate (देशिरुच्यते) without a space. sānurāgeṇa (सानुरागेण) is the chapter's own word rāga (राग), inside the adverb of feeling.
Say it back
Who sings deśī (देशी), and where does the name apply?
Bṛhaddeśī (बृहद्देशी) 14
This sitting is Bṛhaddeśī (बृहद्देशी) 14, first line.
निबद्धश्चानिबद्धश्च मार्गोऽयं द्विविधो मतः । nibaddhaścānibaddhaśca mārgo 'yaṃ dvividho mataḥ |
The line
This mārga (मार्ग) is held to be of two kinds, bound and unbound.
नेपालीमा
यो मार्ग बाँधिएको र नबाँधिएको गरी दुई प्रकारको मानिन्छ।
Where it sits
Celestial mārga (मार्ग) is named here, beside earthly deśī (देशी). The second half of the verse is not sat. The edition prints आप्लापादि with a question mark, and the word is not clear enough to translate.
Split: nibaddhaḥ (निबद्धः) + ca (च) + anibaddhaḥ (अनिबद्धः) + mārgaḥ (मार्गः) + ayam (अयम्) + dvividhaḥ (द्विविधः) + mataḥ (मतः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| nibaddhaḥ (निबद्धः) | nominative singular | bound, composed. Recited nibaddhaś (निबद्धश्) before c. |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. |
| anibaddhaḥ (अनिबद्धः) | nominative singular | unbound. Recited anibaddhaś (अनिबद्धश्) before c. |
| mārgaḥ (मार्गः) | nominative singular | mārga (मार्ग), the way. Recited mārgo (मार्गो) before a vowel. |
| ayam (अयम्) | nominative singular | this. The visarga of mārgaḥ (मार्गः) becomes o, and ayam leaves an avagraha. |
| dvividhaḥ (द्विविधः) | nominative singular | of two kinds. Recited dvividho. |
| mataḥ (मतः) | nominative singular | is held. |
The phrases
nibaddhaḥ (निबद्धः) and anibaddhaḥ (अनिबद्धः) are the two predicates. mārgaḥ (मार्गः) ayam is the subject. dvividhaḥ (द्विविधः) mataḥ (मतः) is the judgment.
Sanskrit in this line
The edition inserts footnote digits inside निबद्धश्चानिबद्धश्च. The recital joins the words as the sandhi requires and leaves the digits out. Only this half is recited.
Say it back
What two kinds does this mārga (मार्ग) have?