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Celestial Bodies

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ग्रहः means a planet, ग्रह. It is like छात्रः. The seven day-names on Days are these bodies. रविः is the sun. सोमः is the moon. The rest are the five planets the week uses.

तारा and तारका both mean a star, तारा. This book uses तारका, like छात्रा. नक्षत्रम् is a lunar mansion, the star-group the moon stays in. It is like पुस्तकम्.

WordLikeNepaliMeaning
सूर्यःछात्रःसूर्यsun. Also रविः.
चन्द्रःछात्रःचन्द्रमाmoon. Also सोमः.
ग्रहःछात्रःग्रहplanet
तारकाछात्राताराstar
नक्षत्रम्पुस्तकम्नक्षत्रlunar mansion
ध्रुवःछात्रःध्रुवthe pole star
मङ्गलःछात्रःमङ्गलMars
बुधःछात्रःबुधMercury
बृहस्पतिःअग्निःबृहस्पतिJupiter. The “of” form is बृहस्पतेः.
शुक्रःछात्रःशुक्रVenus
शनिःअग्निःशनिSaturn
राहुःगुरुःराहुRahu
केतुःगुरुःकेतुKetu
आकाशगङ्गानदीआकाशगङ्गाthe milky way, “the Ganga of the sky”
सप्तर्षयःsee belowसप्तर्षिthe seven sages, as stars. ऋषयः is the plural of ऋषिः.

सप्तर्षयः is a plural subject. The verb with it is सन्ति, “they are.”

Sentences

SentenceMeaning
रात्रौ तारकाः सन्ति।At night there are stars. राति तारा हुन्छन्। तारकाः is the plural, like छात्राः.
चन्द्रः नक्षत्रे अस्ति।The moon is in a lunar mansion. चन्द्रमा नक्षत्रमा छ।
सूर्यः पूर्वे अस्ति।The sun is in the east. The Directions sentence, in the morning.
सप्तर्षयः आकाशे सन्ति।The seven sages are in the sky. सप्तर्षि आकाशमा छन्।
शनेः वारः शनिवारः अस्ति।Saturn’s day is Saturday. शनिको बार शनिबार हो। शनेः is “of Saturn,” like अग्नेः.
ध्रुवः उत्तरे अस्ति।The pole star is in the north. ध्रुव उत्तरमा छ।
राहुः केतुः च ग्रहौ स्तः।Rahu and Ketu are two planets. राहु र केतु दुई ग्रह हुन्। च follows the second word, from Lesson 30: Small Words. ग्रहौ is the dual.

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Land and Places is mountain, river, Nepal, and the Bagmati.