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वारः means a day of the week, बार. It is like छात्रः. The seven names are compounds: the planet or the light, then वारः.

The list starts at Sunday, रविवारः, which is आइतबार.

WordLikeNepaliMeaningThe name in it
रविवारःछात्रःआइतबारSundayरविः, the sun, सूर्य
सोमवारःछात्रःसोमबारMondayसोमः, the moon, चन्द्र
मङ्गलवारःछात्रःमङ्गलबारTuesdayमङ्गलः, Mars. The same word means auspicious.
बुधवारःछात्रःबुधबारWednesdayबुधः, Mercury
बृहस्पतिवारःछात्रःबिहिबारThursdayबृहस्पतिः, Jupiter. गुरुवारः is the other name of this day. This book uses बृहस्पतिवारः, so the day is not confused with गुरुः, the teacher.
शुक्रवारःछात्रःशुक्रबारFridayशुक्रः, Venus
शनिवारःछात्रःशनिबारSaturdayशनिः, Saturn

रविः, सोमः, and the other names in the last column are like छात्रः when they stand alone. मङ्गल keeps ङ् before ग. That ङ् is part of the word. It is not the ं of Lesson 22: Joining Words.

Sentences

SentenceMeaning
अद्य रविवारः अस्ति।Today is Sunday. आज आइतबार हो। अद्य means “today,” from Lesson 30: Small Words.
श्वः सोमवारः भविष्यति।Tomorrow will be Monday. भोलि सोमबार हुनेछ। भविष्यति is “it will be,” from Lesson 23: The Future.
ह्यः शनिवारः आसीत्।Yesterday was Saturday. हिजो शनिबार थियो। आसीत् is “it was,” from Lesson 18: The Past.
अद्य कः वारः।What day is today? आज के बार हो? कः is “who, which,” from Lesson 6: Who and What.

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Months is the twelve months. वैशाख is where Nepal’s year starts.