Lesson 114: To Be Known
Index · Lesson 113: Wanting to Know · Lesson 115: Eight and Eleven
Lesson 45: Ought to Be Done has कर्तव्यम्, “ought to be done,” with -तव्य. Two other endings mean the same kind of thing. -अनीय builds करणीयम्, “ought to be done.” -य builds ज्ञेयम्, “ought to be known,” and त्याज्यम्, “ought to be left.” They agree like नवीनः, नवीना, and नवीनम्.
कार्यम् in Lesson 85: When the Sun Has Set is the noun “a task.” The same shape कार्यम् is also the -य form “ought to be done.” The sentence tells them apart. कार्ये कृते is the task, in the in-form, from lesson 85. कर्म कार्यम् is “the deed is to be done.”
| Word | Like | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| कर्तव्यम् | पुस्तकम् | ought to be done. Already lesson 45. |
| करणीयम् | पुस्तकम् | ought to be done. The -अनीय form. |
| ज्ञेयम् | पुस्तकम् | ought to be known. जान्नुपर्ने। |
| कार्यम् | पुस्तकम् | ought to be done, when it is the -य form. गर्नुपर्ने। |
| त्याज्यम् | पुस्तकम् | ought to be left. छाड्नुपर्ने। |
| बोद्धव्यम् | पुस्तकम् | ought to be understood. From बुध्, with -तव्य. बुझ्नुपर्ने। |
| Sentence | Meaning |
|---|---|
| इदं ज्ञेयम्। | This is to be known. यो जान्नुपर्ने हो। इदम् is written इदं before ज्ञेयम्. |
| कर्म कार्यम्। | The deed is to be done. |
| दुःखं त्याज्यम्। | Pain is to be left. दुःखम् is written दुःखं before त्याज्यम्. |
Practice
- Say कर्तव्यम्, करणीयम्, and ज्ञेयम्.
- Say इदं ज्ञेयम्।
- Say which lesson uses कार्यम् as “a task.”
Next
Lesson 115: Eight and Eleven counts a heavy syllable, and a quarter of eleven.