Lesson 25: The Teacher's Endings
Index · Lesson 24: Numbers · Lesson 26: Fire
गुरुः has been the subject since the first lessons. That subject ending happens to look like छात्रः. The other jobs do not. गुरु is a different shape. The last vowel is short उ. School calls that shape उकारान्त.
Learn these eight before you put a new उ word through a sentence. Subject and object still look familiar. From “with” onward, do not use the छात्र endings.
One teacher
| Case | Form | A whole sentence | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | गुरुः | गुरुः पाठयति। | गुरु पढाउनुहुन्छ। The teacher is the one doing it. पाठयति means “he teaches.” The subject ः looks like छात्रः. |
| Object | गुरुम् | अहं गुरुं पश्यामि। | म गुरुलाई हेर्छु। पश्यामि means “I see.” The object म् looks like छात्रम्. It is written ं before a consonant. |
| With, by | गुरुणा | गुरुणा सह अहं गच्छामि। | गुरुसँग म जान्छु। This is not गुरेण. The छात्र word would have been छात्रेण. |
| For | गुरवे | इदं पुस्तकं गुरवे अस्ति। | यो पुस्तक गुरुका लागि हो। This is not गुरुाय. The छात्र word would have been छात्राय. |
| From | गुरोः | अहं गुरोः शृणोमि। | म गुरुबाट सुन्छु। शृणोमि means “I hear.” From and of are the same shape, गुरोः. |
| Of | गुरोः | इदं गुरोः पुस्तकम् अस्ति। | यो गुरुको पुस्तक हो। Compare इदं छात्रस्य पुस्तकम् अस्ति। The teacher does not take -स्य. |
| In, at | गुरौ | गुरौ ज्ञानम् अस्ति। | गुरुमा ज्ञान छ। ज्ञानम् means “knowledge.” This is not गुरे. The छात्र word would have been छात्रे. |
| Calling | गुरो | हे गुरो, आगच्छ। | ए गुरु, आउनुहोस्। The call is गुरो, with no visarga. It is not गुरु and it is not गुरुः. |
More than two teachers
The verb is the plural from Lesson 3: Verb Plural. Two teachers are not in this lesson.
| Case | Form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Subject | गुरवः | the teachers, doing the action. गुरुहरू |
| Calling | गुरवः | हे गुरवः। ए गुरुहरू |
| Object | गुरून् | the teachers who receive the action. गुरुहरूलाई |
| With, by | गुरुभिः | with the teachers, or by the teachers. गुरुहरूसँग, गुरुहरूद्वारा |
| For | गुरुभ्यः | for the teachers. गुरुहरूका लागि |
| From | गुरुभ्यः | from the teachers. गुरुहरूबाट |
| Of | गुरूणाम् | of the teachers. गुरुहरूको |
| In, at | गुरुषु | in the teachers. गुरुहरूमा |
| Sentence | Meaning |
|---|---|
| गुरवः पाठयन्ति। | The teachers teach. |
| अहं गुरून् पश्यामि। | I see the teachers. |
| गुरुभिः सह अहं गच्छामि। | I go with the teachers. |
| इदं गुरूणां पुस्तकम् अस्ति। | This is the teachers’ book. गुरूणाम् is written गुरूणां before a consonant. |
The same column
These take every ending गुरु takes.
| Word | Meaning | Nepali |
|---|---|---|
| वायुः | wind | हावा |
| बन्धुः | kinsman | बन्धु |
| शत्रुः | enemy | शत्रु |
| साधुः | a good man | साधु |
| पशुः | animal | पशु |
| भिक्षुः | monk | भिक्षु |
वायुः अस्ति। “The wind is there.” हावा छ। अहं वायुना सह गच्छामि। “I go with the wind.” हावासँग म जान्छु। वायुना is the “with” form, the same job as गुरुणा.
Practice
- Say the eight: गुरुः, गुरुम्, गुरुणा, गुरवे, गुरोः, गुरोः, गुरौ, गुरो.
- Say अहं गुरुं पश्यामि, “I see the teacher,” then इदं गुरोः पुस्तकम् अस्ति, “this is the teacher’s book.”
- Call the teacher: हे गुरो, आगच्छ।
Next
Lesson 26: Fire is अग्निः, a noun ending in इ. The word list holds the उ words in one place.