1.13
तत्र स्थितौ यत्नोऽभ्यासः
tatra sthitau yatno 'bhyāsaḥ
The line
Of those two, practice is the effort to remain steady.
नेपालीमा
ती दुईमध्ये अभ्यास स्थिर रहन गरिने प्रयास हो।
Where it sits
Practice is not defined as a technique, a posture, or a length of time. Those arrive much later, and the length of time is the next line's condition, not the definition. The definition is effort toward staying. Staying at what? At the stilling the book has been describing, and at the single principle 1.32 will eventually name. You do not need 1.32 to understand 1.13. You need to notice that "practice" here is already a mental act.
Split: tatra (तत्र) + sthitau (स्थितौ) + yatnaḥ (यत्नः) + abhyāsaḥ (अभ्यासः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tatra (तत्र) | indeclinable | of those, in that matter. Of the two just named. |
| sthitau (स्थितौ) | locative singular of sthiti (स्थिति) | in steadiness, in remaining. |
| yatnaḥ (यत्नः) | nominative singular | effort. |
| abhyāsaḥ (अभ्यासः) | nominative singular | practice. The predicate. |
The phrases
tatra (तत्र) points at the pair in 1.12, and the line picks up the first member, practice.
sthitau yatnaḥ (स्थितौ यत्नः) is "effort in the matter of staying." The locative sthitau (स्थितौ) says where the effort is applied: not effort in general, effort aimed at remaining steady.
yatnaḥ (यत्नः) and abhyāsaḥ (अभ्यासः) are both nominative, so the line says effort of that kind is what practice is.
The recited yatno 'bhyāsaḥ (यत्नोऽभ्यासः) drops an a (अ). yatnaḥ (यत्नः) + abhyāsaḥ (अभ्यासः): before a vowel, aḥ (अः) becomes o (ओ), and the following a (अ) is elided. The avagraha marks the elision, as it did in 1.3.
Sanskrit in this line
sthiti (स्थिति) is an i (इ)-stem. Its locative singular is sthitau (स्थितौ). The ending -au (औ) is the signal. sthitau (स्थितौ) means "in remaining," not "two remainings." (The dual nominative of some stems also looks like -au (औ). Here the noun is feminine sthiti (स्थिति), and -au (औ) is the locative.)
Visarga before a vowel: aḥ (अः) + a (अ) becomes o (ओ), and the a (अ) drops, leaving avagraha. Compare 1.8, where aḥ (अः) before a voiced consonant became o (ओ) and nothing was dropped. The avagraha is the difference you can see.
Say it back
Point to the ending that means "in," and say the word it sits on.