1.30
व्याधिस्त्यानसंशयप्रमादालस्याविरतिभ्रान्तिदर्शनालब्धभूमिकत्वानवस्थितत्वानि चित्तविक्षेपास् तेऽन्तरायाः
vyādhi-styāna-saṃśaya-pramādālasyāvirati-bhrānti-darśanālabdha-bhūmikatvānavasthitatvāni citta-vikṣepās te 'ntarāyāḥ
The line
The obstacles that scatter the mind are disease, dullness, doubt, carelessness, laziness, failing to turn away, mistaken view, not reaching a stage, and not staying there.
नेपालीमा
चित्त छर्ने विघ्न रोग, जडता, शङ्का, प्रमाद, आलस्य, नफर्कनु, भ्रमको दृष्टि, भूमि नपुग्नु र त्यहाँ नअडिनु हुन्।
Where it sits
1.29 said the obstacles fall away and did not name them. This line names them. They are not moral failings first. They are what scatters citta (चित्त). 1.31 will say what rides along with that scattering. 1.32 will say what to practice against it.
Split: vyādhi (व्याधि) + styāna (स्त्यान) + saṃśaya (संशय) + pramāda (प्रमाद) + ālasya (आलस्य) + avirati (अविरति) + bhrānti (भ्रान्ति) + darśana (दर्शन) + alabdha (अलब्ध) + bhūmikatva (भूमिकत्व) + anavasthitatvāni (अनवस्थितत्वानि) + citta (चित्त) + vikṣepāḥ (विक्षेपाः) + te (ते) + antarāyāḥ (अन्तरायाः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| vyādhi (व्याधि) | stem | disease. |
| styāna (स्त्यान) | stem | dullness, a mind that will not lift. |
| saṃśaya (संशय) | stem | doubt. |
| pramāda (प्रमाद) | stem | carelessness. |
| ālasya (आलस्य) | stem | laziness. |
| avirati (अविरति) | stem | failing to turn away. a- (अ) plus virati (विरति), “turning back from.” |
| bhrānti (भ्रान्ति) | stem | wandering, error. |
| darśana (दर्शन) | stem | view. With bhrānti (भ्रान्ति), a mistaken view. |
| alabdha (अलब्ध) | stem | not obtained. a- (अ) plus labdha (लब्ध). |
| bhūmikatva (भूमिकत्व) | stem | the state of having a stage. Together with alabdha (अलब्ध), not reaching a stage. |
| anavasthitatvāni (अनवस्थितत्वानि) | nominative plural, neuter | the states of not staying there. The plural ending sits on this last member and covers the whole list. |
| citta (चित्त) | stem | the mind. The same noun as in 1.2. |
| vikṣepāḥ (विक्षेपाः) | nominative plural, masculine | scatterings. Things that throw the mind off. |
| te (ते) | nominative plural, masculine | they. Those scatterings. |
| antarāyāḥ (अन्तरायाः) | nominative plural, masculine | obstacles. The predicate. |
The phrases
The long compound is one neuter plural list. Only anavasthitatva (अनवस्थितत्व) wears -āni (आनि). The nine members are the obstacles. Read the compound from the end, member by member, when you are learning it. Do not try to swallow it whole.
citta-vikṣepāḥ (चित्तविक्षेपाः) is what those nine are: scatterings of the mind. te (ते) points at them. antarāyāḥ (अन्तरायाः) predicates “obstacles.” vikṣepāḥ (विक्षेपाः) before te (ते) is recited vikṣepās (विक्षेपास्), because āḥ (आः) before t (त्) becomes ās (आस्). te antarāyāḥ (ते अन्तरायाः) is te 'ntarāyāḥ (तेऽन्तरायाः).
Sanskrit in this line
You already know that only the last member of a list takes the ending. Here the list is neuter, so the ending is -āni (आनि), not the masculine -aḥ (अः) of 1.6. And āḥ (आः) before a voiceless t (त्) becomes ās (आस्): vikṣepāḥ te (विक्षेपाः ते) is said vikṣepās te (विक्षेपास् ते). That is the visarga pattern of 1.2, now with a long ā (आ).
Say it back
Recite the nine from memory, slowly. If one drops, that one is the review. Then say what they are: citta-vikṣepāḥ (चित्तविक्षेपाः), antarāyāḥ (अन्तरायाः).