2.40
शौचात् स्वाङ्गजुगुप्सा परैरसंसर्गः
śaucāt svāṅga-jugupsā parair asaṃsargaḥ
The line
From cleanliness: distaste for one's own limbs, and no mixing with others.
नेपालीमा
शौचबाट आफ्ना अङ्गप्रति अरुचि हुन्छ, र अरूसँग मिसिँदैन।
Where it sits
The first observance's fruit. 2.41 will add a further list from the same cleanliness, with ca (च). Read 2.40 and 2.41 as one observance.
Split: śaucāt (शौचात्) + sva (स्व) + aṅga (अङ्ग) + jugupsā (जुगुप्सा) + paraiḥ (परैः) + asaṃsargaḥ (असंसर्गः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| śaucāt (शौचात्) | ablative singular of śauca (शौच) | from cleanliness. The first observance. |
| sva (स्व) | stem | one's own. |
| aṅga (अङ्ग) | stem | limb, body. |
| jugupsā (जुगुप्सा) | nominative singular, feminine | distaste, a drawing back. |
| paraiḥ (परैः) | instrumental plural | with others. |
| asaṃsargaḥ (असंसर्गः) | nominative singular, masculine | no mixing. a- (अ) plus saṃsarga (संसर्ग), “contact, mingling.” |
The phrases
From cleanliness, two fruits. svāṅga-jugupsā (स्वाङ्गजुगुप्सा) is distaste for one's own body. sva (स्व) + aṅga (अङ्ग) is a (अ) + a (अ) = ā (आ). paraiḥ asaṃsargaḥ (परैः असंसर्गः) is no mixing with others. paraiḥ (परैः) before the vowel is the instrumental plural “by / with.”
The ablative replaces the locative of the yama fruits. “From” this observance, these results. The distaste is not a hatred the book recommends as a mood. It is the fruit named: the body stops being an object of fascination.
Sanskrit in this line
Ablative -āt (आत्) is “from,” which you have used since 1.17. Here it is the pattern for the niyama fruits: from the observance, the result. Instrumental plural -aiḥ (ऐः) is “with,” from 1.24.
Say it back
Say the source, śaucāt (शौचात्), then the two fruits.