1.2.14
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.2.14
धर्मविकल्पनिर्देशेऽर्थसद्भावप्रतिषेध उपचारच्छलम्
dharmavikalpanirdeśe 'rthasadbhāvapratiṣedha upacāracchalam
The line
Quibble on figurative speech is the denial of the thing's reality when a property has been stated figuratively.
नेपालीमा
लाक्षणिक वचनको छल गुण लाक्षणिक रूपमा भनिएको बेला वस्तुको सत्य अस्वीकार गर्नु हो।
Where it sits
upacāracchala (उपचारच्छल) from 1.2.11 is the kind being defined. The next line will claim it is nothing but vākchala (वाक्छल).
Split: dharma-vikalpa-nirdeśe (धर्म-विकल्प-निर्देशे) + artha-sadbhāva-pratiṣedhaḥ (अर्थ-सद्भाव-प्रतिषेधः) + upacāra-chalam (उपचार-छलम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| dharma-vikalpa-nirdeśe (धर्म-विकल्प-निर्देशे) | locative singular, masculine | when a property is stated by a figurative shift |
| artha-sadbhāva-pratiṣedhaḥ (अर्थ-सद्भाव-प्रतिषेधः) | nominative singular, masculine | the denial that the thing really exists as stated |
| upacāra-chalam (उपचार-छलम्) | nominative singular, neuter | quibble on figurative speech |
The phrases
upacāra (उपचार) is a secondary use. One says that the stands shout, meaning the people on the stands. The property, shouting, is stated by that transfer. dharmavikalpanirdeśa (धर्मविकल्पनिर्देश) is the statement of a property in this shifted way.
The quibble takes the sentence in its primary shape and denies the sadbhāva (सद्भाव), the real obtaining of that meaning. Stands do not shout, so the statement is waved aside. The denial misses the transfer. That denial is upacāracchala (उपचारच्छल).
Sanskrit in this line
nirdeśe (निर्देशे) before artha is recited with avagraha. pratiṣedhaḥ (प्रतिषेधः) before upacāra (उपचार) loses its visarga and is recited pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध). sadbhāva (सद्भाव) is sat plus bhāva (भाव), 'real occurrence'.
Say it back
Give the figurative sentence and the denial that blocks it.