Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2

Adhyāya 2

Summary

Adhyāya (अध्याय) 2 examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. Perception, inference, comparison, and testimony are each put under an objection and answered. The book is deciding what will count as a reason before it decides what the self is.

नेपालीमा

अध्याय २ ले संशय जाँच्छ, अनि प्रमाणलाई एक एक गरी जाँच्छ। प्रत्यक्ष, अनुमान, उपमान र शब्दमाथि आक्षेप आउँछ र जवाफ आउँछ। यो अध्यायले आत्मा के हो भन्ने तय गर्नुभन्दा पहिले के कुरा कारण मानिन्छ भन्ने तोक्छ।

Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one.

140 of 140 lines in this chapter are written out word by word.

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2.1.1समानानेकधर्माध्यवसायातन्यतरधर्माध्यवसायात् वा न संशयः
samānānekadharmādhyavasāyāt anyataradharmādhyavasāyāt vā na saṃśayaḥ
Because of a compound: the same, several, dharma, a property, and a determination, because of a compound: one or the other, dharma, a.
2.1.2विप्रत्तिपत्त्यव्यवस्थाध्यवसायात् च
viprattipattyavyavasthādhyavasāyāt ca
Because of a compound: vipra (विप्र), ttipa (त्तिप), ttya (त्त्य), vyava (व्यव), standing, and a determination and.
2.1.3विप्रत्तिपत्तौ च संप्रत्तिपत्तेः
viprattipattau ca saṃprattipatteḥ
viprattipatta (विप्रत्तिपत्त) and, of agreement.
2.1.4अव्यवस्था आत्मनि व्यवस्थितत्वात् च अव्यवस्थायाः
avyavasthā ātmani vyavasthitatvāt ca avyavasthāyāḥ
Unsettledness, in in the self, because of a compound: settled, and the state of being that and, a compound: unsettledness, and yāḥa (याःअ).
2.1.5तथा अत्यन्तसंशयः तद्धर्मसातत्योपपत्तेः
tathā atyantasaṃśayaḥ taddharmasātatyopapatteḥ
So, in that way, a compound: absolute, and doubt, of taddharmasātatyopapatta (तद्धर्मसातत्योपपत्त).
2.1.6यथोक्ताध्यवसायातेव तद्विशेषापेक्षात् संशये न असंशयः न अत्यन्तसंशयः वा
yathoktādhyavasāyāt eva tadviśeṣāpekṣāt saṃśaye na asaṃśayaḥ na atyantasaṃśayaḥ vā
Because of a compound: as stated, and a determination just, because of tadviśeṣāpekṣa (तद्विशेषापेक्ष), in doubt, not asaṃśaya (असंशय), not a compound:.
2.1.7यत्र संशयः तत्र एवमुत्तरोत्तरप्रसङ्गः
yatra saṃśayaḥ tatra evam uttarottaraprasaṅgaḥ
Where, doubt, there thus, a compound: the later, the later, and an unwanted consequence.
2.1.8प्रत्यक्षादीनामप्रामाण्यं त्रैकाल्यासिद्धेः
pratyakṣādīnām aprāmāṇyaṃ traikālyāsiddheḥ
Of a compound: toward, against, and akṣāda (अक्षाद), not being a means of knowing, of a compound: the three times, and not established.
2.1.9पूर्वं हि प्रमाणसिद्धौ न इन्द्रियार्थसन्निकर्षात् प्रत्यक्षोत्पत्तिः
pūrvaṃ hi pramāṇasiddhau na indriyārthasannikarṣāt pratyakṣotpattiḥ
The earlier. A compound: a means, and established, not because of a compound: a sense, a thing, a meaning, and contact, a compound:.
2.1.10पश्चात्सिद्धौ न प्रमाणेभ्यः प्रमेयसिद्धिः
paścātsiddhau na pramāṇebhyaḥ prameyasiddhiḥ
paścātsiddha (पश्चात्सिद्ध), not for a means, a compound: what there is to know, and established.
2.1.11युगपत्सिद्धौ प्रत्यर्थनियतत्वात् क्रमवृत्तित्वाभावः बुद्धीनाम्
yugapatsiddhau pratyarthaniyatatvāt kramavṛttitvābhāvaḥ buddhīnām
yugapatsiddha (युगपत्सिद्ध), because of a compound: toward, against, a thing, a meaning, niya (निय), and tatva (तत्व), a compound: order, an activity of the.
2.1.12त्रैकाल्यासिद्धेः प्रतिषेधानुपपत्तिः
traikālyāsiddheḥ pratiṣedhānupapattiḥ
Of a compound: the three times, and not established, a compound: toward, against, ṣedhā (षेधा), nupa (नुप), and patta (पत्त).
2.1.13सर्वप्रमाणप्रतिषेधात् च प्रतिषेधानुपपत्तिः
sarvapramāṇapratiṣedhāt ca pratiṣedhānupapattiḥ
Because of a compound: all, a means, and a denial and, a compound: toward, against, ṣedhā (षेधा), nupa (नुप), and patta (पत्त).
2.1.14तत्प्रामाण्ये वा न सर्वप्रमाणविप्रतिषेधः
tatprāmāṇye vā na sarvapramāṇavipratiṣedhaḥ
In a compound: that, and being a means of knowing or, not a compound: all, a means, and a conflict between two rules.
2.1.15त्रैकाल्याप्रतिषेधः च शब्दातातोद्यसिद्धिवत् तत्सिद्धेः
traikālyāpratiṣedhaḥ ca śabdāt ātodyasiddhivat tatsiddheḥ
A compound: trai (त्रै), kālyā (काल्या), and a denial and, because of a word, ātodyasiddhivat (आतोद्यसिद्धिवत्), of a compound: that, and established.
2.1.16प्रमेया च तुलाप्रामाण्यवत्
prameyā ca tulāprāmāṇyavat
What there is to know and, tulāprāmāṇyavat (तुलाप्रामाण्यवत्).
2.1.17प्रमाणतः सिद्धेः प्रमाणानाम् प्रमाणान्तरसिद्धिप्रसङ्गः
pramāṇataḥ siddheḥ pramāṇānām pramāṇāntarasiddhiprasaṅgaḥ
A compound: a means, and taḥa (तःअ), of establishment, of a means, a compound: a means, a difference, an interval, establishment, and an.
2.1.18तद्विनिवृत्तेः वा प्रमाणसिद्धिवत् प्रमेयसिद्धिः
tadvinivṛtteḥ vā pramāṇasiddhivat prameyasiddhiḥ
Of tadvinivṛtta (तद्विनिवृत्त) or, a compound: a means, establishment, and possessing, a compound: what there is to know, and established.
2.1.19न, प्रदीपप्रकाशसिद्धिवत् तत्सिद्धेः
na, pradīpaprakāśasiddhivat tatsiddheḥ
Not pradīpaprakāśasiddhivat (प्रदीपप्रकाशसिद्धिवत्), of a compound: that, and established.
2.1.20क्वचित् निवृत्तिदर्शनातनिवृत्तिदर्शनात् च क्वचितनेकान्तः
kvacit nivṛttidarśanāt anivṛttidarśanāt ca kvacit anekāntaḥ
Somewhere, because of a compound: the stopping, and seeing, because of a compound: anivṛtti (अनिवृत्ति), and seeing and, somewhere, anekānta (अनेकान्त).
2.1.21प्रत्यक्षलक्षणानुपपत्तिः असमग्रवचनात्
pratyakṣalakṣaṇānupapattiḥ asamagravacanāt
A compound: direct, lakṣa (लक्ष), ṇānu (णानु), and papatta (पपत्त), because of a compound: asamagra (असमग्र), and a statement.
2.1.22न आत्ममनसोः सन्निकर्षाभावे प्रत्यक्षोत्पत्तिः (दो)
na ātmamanasoḥ sannikarṣābhāve pratyakṣotpattiḥ (do)
Not of a compound: ātma (आत्म), and the mind, in a compound: contact, and absence, a compound: toward, against, akṣo (अक्षो), and tpatta (त्पत्त), (do) ((दो)).
2.1.23दिग्देशकालाकाशेषु अपि एवं प्रसङ्गः (दो)
digdeśakālākāśeṣu api evaṃ prasaṅgaḥ (do)
In a compound: digdeśa (दिग्देश), time, and space even thus, an unwanted consequence, (do) ((दो)).
2.1.24ज्ञानलिङ्गत्वातात्मनः न अनवरोधः
jñānaliṅgatvāt ātmanaḥ na anavarodhaḥ
Because of a compound: knowing, a mark, and the state of being that, of of the self, from the self, not anavarodha (अनवरोध).
2.1.25तदयौगपद्यलिङ्गत्वात् च न मनसः
tadayaugapadyaliṅgatvāt ca na manasaḥ
A compound: tada (तद), yauga (यौग), padya (पद्य), a mark, and tvāta (त्वात) and, not the mind.
2.1.26प्रत्यक्षनिमित्तत्वात् च इन्द्रियार्थयोः सन्निकर्षस्य स्वशब्देन वचनम्
pratyakṣanimittatvāt ca indriyārthayoḥ sannikarṣasya svaśabdena vacanam
Because of a compound: direct, the efficient ground, and the state of being that and, of a compound: a sense, and a thing, a meaning, of.
2.1.27सुप्तव्यासक्तमनसां च इन्द्रियार्थयोः सन्निकर्षनिमित्तत्वात्
suptavyāsaktamanasāṃ ca indriyārthayoḥ sannikarṣanimittatvāt
Of a compound: supta (सुप्त), vyāsakta (व्यासक्त), and the mind and, of a compound: a sense, and a thing, a meaning, because of a compound: contact, the.
2.1.28तैः च अपदेशः ज्ञानविशेषाणाम्
taiḥ ca apadeśaḥ jñānaviśeṣāṇām
taiḥ (तैः) and, a statement of a reason, of a compound: knowing, and a difference.
2.1.29व्याहतत्वातहेतुः
vyāhatatvāt ahetuḥ
Because of vyāhatatva (व्याहतत्व), a non-reason.
2.1.30न अर्थविशेषप्राबल्यात्
na arthaviśeṣaprābalyāt
Not because of a compound: a thing, a meaning, a difference, and prābalya (प्राबल्य).
2.1.31प्रत्यक्षमनुमानमेकदेशग्रहणातुपलब्धेः
pratyakṣam anumānam ekadeśagrahaṇāt upalabdheḥ
Direct, inference, because of a compound: one part, and a grasping, of a finding.
2.1.32न, प्रत्यक्षेण यावत् तावतपि उपलम्भात्
na, pratyakṣeṇa yāvat tāvat api upalambhāt
Not by means of direct, as long as, as far as, so long, so far, first even, because of upalambha (उपलम्भ).
2.1.33न चैकदेशोपलब्धिरवयविसद्भावात्
na caikadeśopalabdhiravayavisadbhāvāt
Not because of a compound: caika (चैक), a place, a finding, rava (रव), yavisa (यविस), and dbhāva (द्भाव).
2.1.34साध्यत्वातवयविनि सन्देहः
sādhyatvāt avayavini sandehaḥ
Because of a compound: what is to be established, and the state of being that, in a whole, sandeha (सन्देह).
2.1.35सर्वाग्रहणमवयव्यसिद्धेः
sarvāgrahaṇam avayavyasiddheḥ
A compound: sarvā (सर्वा), and a grasping, of a compound: avayavya (अवयव्य), and established.
2.1.36धारणाकर्षणोपपत्तेः च
dhāraṇākarṣaṇopapatteḥ ca
Of a compound: holding, karṣa (कर्ष), ṇopa (णोप), and patta (पत्त) and.
2.1.37सेनावनवत् ग्रहणमिति चेत् न अतीन्द्रियत्वातणूनाम्
senāvanavat grahaṇam iti cet na atīndriyatvāt aṇūnām
If you say that senāvanavat (सेनावनवत्), a grasping, no, because of atīndriyatva (अतीन्द्रियत्व), of an atom.
2.1.38रोधोपघातसादृश्येभ्यः व्यभिचारातनुमानमप्रमाणम्
rodhopaghātasādṛśyebhyaḥ vyabhicārāt anumānam apramāṇam
A compound: rodho (रोधो), paghā (पघा), tasā (तसा), seeing, and ebhya (एभ्य), because of vyabhicāra (व्यभिचार), inference, apramāṇa (अप्रमाण).
2.1.39न, एकदेशत्राससादृश्येभ्यः अर्थान्तरभावात्
na, ekadeśatrāsasādṛśyebhyaḥ arthāntarabhāvāt
Not for a compound: one part, trāsa (त्रास), and sādṛśya (सादृश्य), because of a compound: a different thing, and a state.
2.1.40वर्तमानाभावः, पततः पतितपतितव्यकालोपपत्तेः
vartamānābhāvaḥ, patataḥ patitapatitavyakālopapatteḥ
A compound: varta (वर्त), a measure, a means of knowing, and absence, patata (पतत), of patitapatitavyakālopapatta (पतितपतितव्यकालोपपत्त).
2.1.41तयोः अपि अभावः वर्तमानाभावे, तदपेक्षत्वात्
tayoḥ api abhāvaḥ vartamānābhāve, tadapekṣatvāt
Of of the two, in the two even, absence, in a compound: varta (वर्त), a measure, a means of knowing, and absence, because of tadapekṣatva (तदपेक्षत्व).
2.1.42न अतीतानागतयोः इतरेतरापेक्षा सिद्धिः
na atītānāgatayoḥ itaretarāpekṣā siddhiḥ
Not of a compound: atītānā (अतीताना), and gone, a compound: the others, tarā (तरा), and pekṣa (पेक्ष), establishment.
2.1.43वर्तमानाभावे सर्वाग्रहणं प्रत्यक्षानुपपत्तेः
vartamānābhāve sarvāgrahaṇaṃ pratyakṣānupapatteḥ
In a compound: varta (वर्त), a measure, a means of knowing, and absence, a compound: sarvā (सर्वा), and a grasping, of a compound: toward, against.
2.1.44कृतताकर्त्तव्यतोपपत्तेः तु उभयथा ग्रहणम्
kṛtatākarttavyatopapatteḥ tu ubhayathā grahaṇam
Of a compound: made, done, tāka (ताक), rtta (र्त्त), vyato (व्यतो), and papatta (पपत्त) but, a compound: ubha (उभ), and as, a grasping.
2.1.45अत्यन्तप्रायैकदेशसाधर्म्यातुपमानासिद्धिः
atyantaprāyaikadeśasādharmyāt upamānāsiddhiḥ
Because of a compound: absolute, prāyaika (प्रायैक), a place, and likeness, a compound: comparison, and not established.
2.1.46प्रसिद्धसाधर्म्यातुपमानसिद्धेः यथोक्तदोषानुपपत्तिः
prasiddhasādharmyāt upamānasiddheḥ yathoktadoṣānupapattiḥ
Because of a compound: already familiar, and likeness, of a compound: comparison, and established, a compound: as, what has been said.
2.1.47प्रत्यक्षेण अप्रत्यक्षसिद्धेः
pratyakṣeṇa apratyakṣasiddheḥ
By means of direct, of a compound: apra (अप्र), tyakṣa (त्यक्ष), and established.
2.1.48न अप्रत्यक्षे गवये प्रमाणार्थमुपमानस्य पश्यामः
na apratyakṣe gavaye pramāṇārtham upamānasya paśyāmaḥ
An unperceived gavaya gives comparison nothing to grasp.
2.1.49तथा इति उपसंहारातुपमानसिद्धेः न अविशेषः
tathā iti upasaṃhārāt upamānasiddheḥ na aviśeṣaḥ
The gathering 'thus' is what makes comparison its own means.
2.1.50शब्दः अनुमानमर्थस्य अनुपलब्धेः अनुमेयत्वात्
śabdaḥ anumānam arthasya anupalabdheḥ anumeyatvāt
A word, inference, of of the thing, of not being found, because of anumeyatva (अनुमेयत्व).
2.1.51उपलब्धेः अद्विप्रवृत्तित्वात्
upalabdheḥ advipravṛttitvāt
Of a finding, a compound: advi (अद्वि), activity, setting out to act, and tvāta (त्वात).
2.1.52सम्बन्धात् च
sambandhāt ca
Because of a connection and.
2.1.53आप्तोपदेशसामर्थ्यात् शब्दातर्थसम्प्रत्ययः
āptopadeśasāmarthyāt śabdāt arthasampratyayaḥ
Because of a compound: a reliable person, teaching, and capacity, because of a word, a compound: a thing, a meaning, sampra (सम्प्र), and tyaya (त्यय).
2.1.54पूरणप्रदाहपाटनानुपलब्धेः च सम्बन्धाभावः
pūraṇapradāhapāṭanānupalabdheḥ ca sambandhābhāvaḥ
Of pūraṇapradāhapāṭanānupalabdha (पूरणप्रदाहपाटनानुपलब्ध) and, a compound: a connection, and absence.
2.1.55शब्दार्थव्यवस्थानातप्रतिषेधः
śabdārthavyavasthānāt apratiṣedhaḥ
Because of a compound: a word, a thing, a meaning, vyava (व्यव), and the place, the order, the absence of a denial.
2.1.56न, सामयिकत्वात् शब्दार्थसम्प्रत्ययस्य
na, sāmayikatvāt śabdārthasampratyayasya
Not because of sāmayikatva (सामयिकत्व), of a compound: a word, a thing, a meaning, sampra (सम्प्र), and tyaya (त्यय).
2.1.57जातिविशेषे च अनियमात्
jātiviśeṣe ca aniyamāt
In a compound: a futile rejoinder, and a difference and, because of the absence of a fixed rule.
2.1.58तदप्रामाण्यमनृतव्याघातपुनरुक्तदोषेभ्यः
tadaprāmāṇyam anṛtavyāghātapunaruktadoṣebhyaḥ
A compound: tada (तद), and being a means of knowing, for a compound: false speech, a collision, puna (पुन), rukta (रुक्त), and a fault.
2.1.59न, कर्मकर्तृसाधनवैगुण्यात्
na, karmakartṛsādhanavaiguṇyāt
Not because of a compound: action, an agent, the means, and vaiguṇya (वैगुण्य).
2.1.60अभ्युपेत्य कालभेदे दोषवचनात्
abhyupetya kālabhede doṣavacanāt
abhyupetya (अभ्युपेत्य), in a difference of time, because of a compound: a fault, and a statement.
2.1.61अनुवादोपपत्तेः च
anuvādopapatteḥ ca
Of anuvādopapatta (अनुवादोपपत्त) and.
2.1.62वाक्यविभागस्य च अर्थग्रहणात्
vākyavibhāgasya ca arthagrahaṇāt
Of a compound: a sentence, and disjunction and, because of a compound: a thing, a meaning, and a grasping.
2.1.63विध्यर्थवादानुवादवचनविनियोगात्
vidhyarthavādānuvādavacanaviniyogāt
Because of a compound: an injunction, praise, words that are not the command, a repetition, a statement, and the application of a text.
2.1.64विधिः विधायकः
vidhiḥ vidhāyakaḥ
An injunction, vidhāyaka (विधायक).
2.1.65स्तुतिः निन्दा परकृतिः पुराकल्पः इति अर्थवादः
stutiḥ nindā parakṛtiḥ purākalpaḥ iti arthavādaḥ
stuta (स्तुत), ninda (निन्द), a compound: another, the higher, and made, done, a compound: of old, and kalpa (कल्प) thus, praise, words that are not the.
2.1.66विधिविहितस्य अनुवचनमनुवादः
vidhivihitasya anuvacanam anuvādaḥ
Of a compound: an injunction, and vihita (विहित), a compound: an atom, and a statement, a repetition.
2.1.67न अनुवादपुनरुक्तयोः विशेषः, शब्दाभ्यासोपपत्तेः
na anuvādapunaruktayoḥ viśeṣaḥ, śabdābhyāsopapatteḥ
Not of a compound: a repetition, puna (पुन), and rukta (रुक्त), a difference, of śabdābhyāsopapatta (शब्दाभ्यासोपपत्त).
2.1.68शीघ्रतरगमनोपदेशवतभ्यासात् न अविशेषः
śīghrataragamanopadeśavat abhyāsāt na aviśeṣaḥ
śīghrataragamanopadeśavat (शीघ्रतरगमनोपदेशवत्), because of practice, not no difference.
2.1.69मन्त्रायुर्वेदप्रामाण्यवत् च तत्प्रामाण्यम्, आप्तप्रामाण्यात्
mantrāyurvedaprāmāṇyavat ca tatprāmāṇyam, āptaprāmāṇyāt
mantrāyurvedaprāmāṇyavat (मन्त्रायुर्वेदप्रामाण्यवत्) and, a compound: that, and being a means of knowing, because of a compound: a reliable person, and being a.
2.2.1न चतुष्ट्वम्, ऐतिह्यार्थापत्तिसम्भवाभावप्रामाण्यात्
na catuṣṭvam, aitihyārthāpattisambhavābhāvaprāmāṇyāt
The fourfold count fails, because tradition, postulation, inclusion, and absence are also means.
2.2.2शब्दे ऐतिह्यानर्थान्तरभावातनुमाने अर्थापत्तिसम्भवाभावानर्थान्तर भावात् च अप्रतिषेधः
śabde aitihyānarthāntarabhāvāt anumāne arthāpattisambhavābhāvānarthāntara bhāvāt ca apratiṣedhaḥ
Tradition falls under word, and the other three fall under inference, so the fourfold count stands.
2.2.3अर्थापत्तिः अप्रमाणमनैकान्तिकत्वात्
arthāpattiḥ apramāṇam anaikāntikatvāt
Postulation fails as a means, because the step is not fixed to one side.
2.2.4अनर्थापत्तौ अर्थापत्त्यभिमानात्
anarthāpattau arthāpattyabhimānāt
anarthāpatta (अनर्थापत्त), because of a compound: arthā (अर्था), pattyabhi (पत्त्यभि), and a measure, a means of knowing.
2.2.5प्रतिषेधाप्रामाण्यं च अनैकान्तिकत्वात् (-)
pratiṣedhāprāmāṇyaṃ ca anaikāntikatvāt (-)
A compound: a denial, and not being a means of knowing and, because of a compound: what does not stay on one side, and the state of being.
2.2.6तत्प्रामाण्ये वा न अर्थापत्त्यप्रामाण्यम्
tatprāmāṇye vā na arthāpattyaprāmāṇyam
In a compound: that, and being a means of knowing or, not a compound: arthā (अर्था), pattya (पत्त्य), and being a means of knowing.
2.2.7न अभावप्रामाण्यं प्रमेयासिद्धेः
na abhāvaprāmāṇyaṃ prameyāsiddheḥ
Absence has no status as a means, because its object is not established.
2.2.8लक्षितेष्वलक्षणलक्षितत्वातलक्षितानां तत्प्रमेयसिद्धेः
lakṣiteṣvalakṣaṇalakṣitatvāt alakṣitānāṃ tatprameyasiddheḥ
Because of a compound: lakṣi (लक्षि), teṣva (तेष्व), a mark, lakṣi (लक्षि), and tatva (तत्व), of alakṣita (अलक्षित), of a compound: that, what there is to know, and.
2.2.9असति अर्थे न अभावः इति चेत् न, अन्यलक्षणोपपत्तेः
asati arthe na abhāvaḥ iti cet na, anyalakṣaṇopapatteḥ
If you say that in what is not, in in the thing, in the meaning, not absence, no, of a compound: other, lakṣa (लक्ष), ṇopa (णोप), and patta (पत्त).
2.2.10तत्सिद्धेः अलक्षितेषु अहेतुः
tatsiddheḥ alakṣiteṣu ahetuḥ
Of a compound: that, and established, in alakṣita (अलक्षित), a non-reason.
2.2.11न, लक्षणावस्थितापेक्षसिद्धेः
na, lakṣaṇāvasthitāpekṣasiddheḥ
Not of a compound: lakṣa (लक्ष), ṇāva (णाव), sthi (स्थि), tāpekṣa (तापेक्ष), and established.
2.2.12प्राकुत्पत्तेः अभावोपपत्तेः च
prāk utpatteḥ abhāvopapatteḥ ca
Before, of arising, the origin, of abhāvopapatta (अभावोपपत्त) and.
2.2.13आदिमत्वातैन्द्रियकत्वात् कृतकवतुपचारात् च
ādimatvāt aindriyakatvāt kṛtakavat upacārāt ca
Because of ādimatva (आदिमत्व), because of aindriyakatva (ऐन्द्रियकत्व), a compound: made, done, and kavata (कवत), because of a figurative use and.
2.2.14न, घटाभावसामान्यनित्यत्वात् नित्येषु अपि अनित्यवतुपचारात् च
na, ghaṭābhāvasāmānyanityatvāt nityeṣu api anityavat upacārāt ca
Not a compound: ghaṭā (घटा), a state, a common case, eternal, and tvāta (त्वात), in eternal even, a compound: not eternal, and possessing, because.
2.2.15तत्त्वभाक्तयोः नानात्वविभागातव्यभिचारः
tattvabhāktayoḥ nānātvavibhāgāt avyabhicāraḥ
Of a compound: a reality, what is so, and bhākta (भाक्त), because of a compound: nānātva (नानात्व), and disjunction, avyabhicāra (अव्यभिचार).
2.2.16सन्तानानुमानविशेषणात्
santānānumānaviśeṣaṇāt
Because of a compound: santā (सन्ता), nānu (नानु), a measure, a means of knowing, viśe (विशे), and ṣaṇa (षण).
2.2.17कारणद्रव्यस्य प्रदेशशब्देनाभिधानात्
kāraṇadravyasya pradeśaśabdenābhidhānāt
Of a compound: a cause, and a substance, because of a compound: a unit, śabdenā (शब्देना), and bhidhāna (भिधान).
2.2.18प्राकुच्चारणातनुपलब्धेः आवरणाद्यनुपलब्धेः च
prāk uccāraṇāt anupalabdheḥ āvaraṇādyanupalabdheḥ ca
Before, because of uccāraṇa (उच्चारण), of not being found, of āvaraṇādyanupalabdha (आवरणाद्यनुपलब्ध) and.
2.2.19तदनुपलब्धेः अनुपलम्भातावरणोपपत्तिः
tadanupalabdheḥ anupalambhāt āvaraṇopapattiḥ
Of tadanupalabdha (तदनुपलब्ध), because of anupalambha (अनुपलम्भ), āvaraṇopapatta (आवरणोपपत्त).
2.2.20अनुपलम्भातनुपलब्धिसद्भावात् न आवरणानुपपत्तिः अनुपलम्भात्
anupalambhāt anupalabdhisadbhāvāt na āvaraṇānupapattiḥ anupalambhāt
Because of anupalambha (अनुपलम्भ), because of a compound: not being found, what is, and a state, not āvaraṇānupapatta (आवरणानुपपत्त), because of anupalambha (अनुपलम्भ).
2.2.21अनुपलम्भात्मकत्वातनुपलब्धेः अहेतुः
anupalambhātmakatvāt anupalabdheḥ ahetuḥ
Because of anupalambhātmakatva (अनुपलम्भात्मकत्व), of not being found, a non-reason.
2.2.22अस्पर्शत्वात्
asparśatvāt
Because of asparśatva (अस्पर्शत्व).
2.2.23न, कर्मानित्यत्वात्
na, karmānityatvāt
Not because of a compound: action, not eternal, and the state of being that.
2.2.24न, अणुनित्यत्वात्
na, aṇunityatvāt
Not because of a compound: an atom, eternal, and the state of being that.
2.2.25सम्प्रदानात्
sampradānāt
Because of sampradāna (सम्प्रदान).
2.2.26तदन्तरालानुपलब्धेः अहेतुः
tadantarālānupalabdheḥ ahetuḥ
Of tadantarālānupalabdha (तदन्तरालानुपलब्ध), a non-reason.
2.2.27अध्यापनातप्रतिषेधः
adhyāpanāt apratiṣedhaḥ
Because of adhyāpana (अध्यापन), the absence of a denial.
2.2.28उभयोः पक्षयोः अन्यतरस्य अध्यापनातप्रतिषेधः
ubhayoḥ pakṣayoḥ anyatarasya adhyāpanāt apratiṣedhaḥ
Of of both, of a side, a thesis, of one or the other, because of adhyāpana (अध्यापन), the absence of a denial.
2.2.29अभ्यासात्
abhyāsāt
Because of practice.
2.2.30न अन्यत्वे अपि अभ्यासस्य उपचारात्
na anyatve api abhyāsasya upacārāt
Not in a compound: other, and the state of being that even, of practice, because of a figurative use.
2.2.31अन्यतन्यस्मातनन्यत्वातनन्यतिति अन्यताभावः
anyat anyasmāt ananyatvāt ananyat iti anyatābhāvaḥ
Another, because of a compound: other, and indeed, because of ananyatva (अनन्यत्व), ananyat (अनन्यत्) thus, a compound: other, the state of being that, and.
2.2.32तदभावे न अस्ति अनन्यता, तयोः इतरेतरापेक्षसिद्धेः
tadabhāve na asti ananyatā, tayoḥ itaretarāpekṣasiddheḥ
In the absence of that, not is, ananyata (अनन्यत), of of the two, in the two, of a compound: the others, tarā (तरा), pekṣa (पेक्ष), and established.
2.2.33विनाशकारणानुपलब्धेः
vināśakāraṇānupalabdheḥ
Of a compound: without, śakā (शका), raṇā (रणा), nupa (नुप), and labdha (लब्ध).
2.2.34अश्रवणकारणानुपलब्धेः सततश्रवणप्रसङ्गः
aśravaṇakāraṇānupalabdheḥ satataśravaṇaprasaṅgaḥ
Of aśravaṇakāraṇānupalabdha (अश्रवणकारणानुपलब्ध), a compound: sata (सत), taśra (तश्र), vaṇa (वण), and an unwanted consequence.
2.2.35उपलभ्यमाने च अनुपलब्धेः असत्त्वातनपदेशः
upalabhyamāne ca anupalabdheḥ asattvāt anapadeśaḥ
In a compound: upala (उपल), bhya (भ्य), and a measure, a means of knowing and, of not being found, because of a compound: what is not, and the.
2.2.36पाणिनिमित्तप्रश्लेषात् शब्दाभावे न अनुपलब्धिः
pāṇinimittapraśleṣāt śabdābhāve na anupalabdhiḥ
Because of a compound: pāṇi (पाणि), the efficient ground, and praśleṣa (प्रश्लेष), in a compound: a word, and absence, not not being found.
2.2.37विनाशकारणानुपलब्धेः च अवस्थाने तन्नित्यत्वप्रसङ्गः
vināśakāraṇānupalabdheḥ ca avasthāne tannityatvaprasaṅgaḥ
Of a compound: without, śakā (शका), raṇā (रणा), nupa (नुप), and labdha (लब्ध) and, in avasthāna (अवस्थान), a compound: that, eternal, the state of being that, and.
2.2.38अस्पर्शत्वातप्रतिषेधः
asparśatvāt apratiṣedhaḥ
Because of asparśatva (अस्पर्शत्व), the absence of a denial.
2.2.39विभक्त्यन्तरोपपत्तेः च समासे
vibhaktyantaropapatteḥ ca samāse
Of vibhaktyantaropapatta (विभक्त्यन्तरोपपत्त) and, in samāsa (समास).
2.2.40विकारादेशोपदेशात् संशयः
vikārādeśopadeśāt saṃśayaḥ
Because of a compound: vikārā (विकारा), a place, and teaching, doubt.
2.2.41प्रकृतिविवृद्धौ विकारविवृद्धेः
prakṛtivivṛddhau vikāravivṛddheḥ
A compound: nature, what is seen, vivṛ (विवृ), and ddha (द्ध), of a compound: a transformation, vivṛ (विवृ), and ddha (द्ध).
2.2.42न्यूनसमाधिकोपलब्धेः विकाराणामहेतुः
nyūnasamādhikopalabdheḥ vikārāṇām ahetuḥ
Of a compound: nyūna (न्यून), samādhi (समाधि), kopa (कोप), and labdha (लब्ध), of a transformation, a non-reason.
2.2.43द्विविधस्य अपि हेतोः अभावातसाधनं दृष्टान्तः
dvividhasya api hetoḥ abhāvāt asādhanaṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ
Of dvividha (द्विविध) even, of of a reason, from a reason, because of because of absence, asādhana (असाधन), an example.
2.2.44न, अतुल्यप्रकृतीनाम् विकारविकल्पात्
na, atulyaprakṛtīnām vikāravikalpāt
Not of a compound: atulyapra (अतुल्यप्र), and made, done, because of a compound: a transformation, and an alternative, a division.
2.2.45द्रव्यविकारवैषम्यवत् वर्णविकारविकलः
dravyavikāravaiṣamyavat varṇavikāravikalaḥ
A compound: a substance, a transformation, vaiṣa (वैष), and myavata (म्यवत), a compound: a sound, a class, a transformation, and vikala (विकल).
2.2.46न, विकारधर्मानुपपत्तेः
na, vikāradharmānupapatteḥ
Not of a compound: a transformation, dharmā (धर्मा), nupa (नुप), and patta (पत्त).
2.2.47विकारप्राप्तानामपुनरापत्तेः
vikāraprāptānām apunarāpatteḥ
Of a compound: a transformation, and what already follows, of apunarāpatta (अपुनरापत्त).
2.2.48सुवर्णादीनां पुनरापत्तेः अहेतुः
suvarṇādīnāṃ punarāpatteḥ ahetuḥ
Of suvarṇāda (सुवर्णाद), of punarāpatta (पुनरापत्त), a non-reason.
2.2.49न, तद्विकाराणां सुवर्णभावाव्यतिरेकात्
na, tadvikārāṇāṃ suvarṇabhāvāvyatirekāt
Not of a compound: that, and a transformation, because of suvarṇabhāvāvyatireka (सुवर्णभावाव्यतिरेक).
2.2.50वर्णत्वाव्यतिरेकात् वर्णविकाराणामप्रतिषेधः
varṇatvāvyatirekāt varṇavikārāṇām apratiṣedhaḥ
Because of a compound: a sound, a class, tvāvya (त्वाव्य), and tireka (तिरेक), of a compound: a sound, a class, and a transformation, the absence of a.
2.2.51सामान्यवतो धर्मयोगो न सामान्यस्य
sāmānyavato dharmayogo na sāmānyasya
A compound: a common case, and possessing, a compound: dharma, a property, and a joining, not of a common case.
2.2.52नित्यत्वे अविकारातनित्यत्वे च अनवस्थानात्
nityatve avikārāt anityatve ca anavasthānāt
In a compound: eternal, and the state of being that, because of avikāra (अविकार), in a compound: not eternal, and the state of being that and.
2.2.53नित्यानामतीन्द्रियत्वात् तद्धर्मविकल्पात् च वर्णविकाराणामप्रतिषेधः
nityānām atīndriyatvāt taddharmavikalpāt ca varṇavikārāṇām apratiṣedhaḥ
Of eternal, because of atīndriyatva (अतीन्द्रियत्व), because of a compound: that, dharma, a property, and an alternative, a division and, of a compound:.
2.2.54अनवस्थायित्वे च वर्णोपलब्धिवत् तद्विकारोपपत्तिः
anavasthāyitve ca varṇopalabdhivat tadvikāropapattiḥ
In anavasthāyitva (अनवस्थायित्व) and, a compound: a sound, a class, a finding, and possessing, tadvikāropapatta (तद्विकारोपपत्त).
2.2.55विकारधर्मित्वे नित्यत्वाभावात् कालान्तरे विकारोपपत्तेः च अप्रतिषेधः
vikāradharmitve nityatvābhāvāt kālāntare vikāropapatteḥ ca apratiṣedhaḥ
In a compound: a transformation, and dharmitva (धर्मित्व), because of a compound: eternal, the state of being that, and absence, in a compound:.
2.2.56प्रकृत्यनियमात्
prakṛtyaniyamāt
Because of a compound: nature, what is seen, and the absence of a fixed rule.
2.2.57अनियमे नियमात् न अनियमः
aniyame niyamāt na aniyamaḥ
In the absence of a fixed rule, because of a restriction, not the absence of a fixed rule.
2.2.58नियमानियमविरोधातनियमे नियमात् च अप्रतिषेधः
niyamāniyamavirodhāt aniyame niyamāt ca apratiṣedhaḥ
Because of a compound: a restriction, the absence of a fixed rule, and a clash, in the absence of a fixed rule, because of a restriction.
2.2.59गुणान्तरापत्त्युपमर्द-ह्रास-वृद्धि-श्लेषेभ्यः तु विकारोपपत्तेः वर्णविकाराः
guṇāntarāpattyupamarda-hrāsa-vṛddhi-śleṣebhyaḥ tu vikāropapatteḥ varṇavikārāḥ
For guṇāntarāpattyupamarda-hrāsa-vṛddhi-śleṣa (गुणान्तरापत्त्युपमर्द-ह्रास-वृद्धि-श्लेष) but, of vikāropapatta (विकारोपपत्त), a compound: a sound, a class, and a transformation.
2.2.60ते विभक्त्यन्ताः पदम्
te vibhaktyantāḥ padam
They, those, vibhaktyanta (विभक्त्यन्त), a word.
2.2.61व्यक्त्याकृतिजातिसन्निधौ उपचारात् संशयः
vyaktyākṛtijātisannidhau upacārāt saṃśayaḥ
A compound: vyaktyā (व्यक्त्या), kṛti (कृति), a futile rejoinder, and sannidha (सन्निध), because of a figurative use, doubt.
2.2.62याशब्द-समूह-त्याग-परिग्रह-सङ्ख्या-वृद्ध्यपचय-वर्ण-समासानुबन्धानाम् व्यक्तौ उपचारात् व्यक्तिः
yāśabda-samūha-tyāga-parigraha-saṅkhyā-vṛddhyapacaya-varṇa-samāsānubandhānām vyaktau upacārāt vyaktiḥ
Of a compound: yāśa (याश), bda-sa (ब्द-स), mūha (मूह), -tyā (-त्या), ga-pa (ग-प), rigra (रिग्र), ha-sa (ह-स), ṅkhyā (ङ्ख्या), -vṛddhya (-वृद्ध्य), paca (पच), ya-va (य-व), rṇa-sa (र्ण-स), māsānu (मासानु), and.
2.2.63न, ततनवस्थानात्
na, tat anavasthānāt
Not that, because of a compound: anava (अनव), and the place, the order.
2.2.64सहचरण-स्थान-तादर्थ्य-वृत्त-मान-धारण-सामीप्य-योग-साधनाधिपत्येभ्यः ब्राह्मण-मञ्च-कट-राज-सक्तु-चन्दन-गङ्गा-शाटकान्न-पुरुषेष्वतद्भावे अपि तदुपचारः
sahacaraṇa-sthāna-tādarthya-vṛtta-māna-dhāraṇa-sāmīpya-yoga-sādhanādhipatyebhyaḥ brāhmaṇa-mañca-kaṭa-rāja-saktu-candana-gaṅgā-śāṭakānna-puruṣeṣvatadbhāve api tadupacāraḥ
For a compound: with, cara (चर), ṇa-sthā (ण-स्था), na-tā (न-ता), darthya (दर्थ्य), -vṛtta (-वृत्त), -māna (-मान), -dhā (-धा), raṇa (रण), -sāmī (-सामी), pya-yo (प्य-यो), ga-sā (ग-सा), dhanā (धना), and.
2.2.65आकृतिः, तदपेक्षत्वात् सत्त्वव्यवस्थानसिद्धेः
ākṛtiḥ, tadapekṣatvāt sattvavyavasthānasiddheḥ
ākṛta (आकृत), because of tadapekṣatva (तदपेक्षत्व), of a compound: what is, but, unsettledness, not, and established.
2.2.66व्यक्त्याकृतियुक्ते अपि अप्रसङ्गात् प्रोक्षणादिनां मृद्गवके जातिः
vyaktyākṛtiyukte api aprasaṅgāt prokṣaṇādināṃ mṛdgavake jātiḥ
In a compound: vyaktyā (व्यक्त्या), kṛti (कृति), and fit, right even, because of aprasaṅga (अप्रसङ्ग), of prokṣaṇādina (प्रोक्षणादिन), in mṛdgavaka (मृद्गवक), a futile rejoinder.
2.2.67न, आकृतिव्यक्त्यपेक्षत्वात् जात्यभिव्यक्तेः
na, ākṛtivyaktyapekṣatvāt jātyabhivyakteḥ
Not because of ākṛtivyaktyapekṣatva (आकृतिव्यक्त्यपेक्षत्व), of a compound: a futile rejoinder, abhi (अभि), and vyakta (व्यक्त).
2.2.68व्यक्त्याकृतिजातयः तु पदार्थः
vyaktyākṛtijātayaḥ tu padārthaḥ
vyaktyākṛtijātaya (व्यक्त्याकृतिजातय) but, a compound: a word, and a thing, a meaning.
2.2.69व्यक्तिः गुणविशेषाश्रयः मूर्तिः
vyaktiḥ guṇaviśeṣāśrayaḥ mūrtiḥ
vyakta (व्यक्त), a compound: a quality, a difference, and a seat, a support, mūrta (मूर्त).
2.2.70आकृतिः जातिलिङ्गाख्या
ākṛtiḥ jātiliṅgākhyā
ākṛta (आकृत), a compound: a futile rejoinder, liṅgā (लिङ्गा), and khya (ख्य).
2.2.71समानप्रसवात्मिका जातिः
samānaprasavātmikā jātiḥ
A compound: the same, prasa (प्रस), and vātmika (वात्मिक), a futile rejoinder.