2.1.65
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.1.65
स्तुतिः निन्दा परकृतिः पुराकल्पः इति अर्थवादः
stutiḥ nindā parakṛtiḥ purākalpaḥ iti arthavādaḥ
The line
stuta (स्तुत), ninda (निन्द), a compound: another, the higher, and made, done, a compound: of old, and kalpa (कल्प) thus, praise, words that are not the command.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: stutiḥ (स्तुतिः) + nindā (निन्दा) + para-kṛtiḥ (पर-कृतिः) + purā-kalpaḥ (पुरा-कल्पः) + iti (इति) + arthavādaḥ (अर्थवादः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| stutiḥ (स्तुतिः) | nominative singular | stuta (स्तुत) |
| nindā (निन्दा) | nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular | ninda (निन्द) |
| para-kṛtiḥ (पर-कृतिः) | nominative singular | a compound: another, the higher, and made, done. Read it from the end |
| purā-kalpaḥ (पुरा-कल्पः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: of old, and kalpa (कल्प). Read it from the end |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | thus. It closes a quote or a thought |
| arthavādaḥ (अर्थवादः) | nominative singular, masculine | praise, words that are not the command |
The phrases
stutiḥ (स्तुतिः) is stuta (स्तुत). It stands as nominative singular. nindā (निन्दा) is ninda (निन्द). It stands as nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular. para-kṛtiḥ (पर-कृतिः) is a compound: another, the higher, and made, done. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular.
purā-kalpaḥ (पुरा-कल्पः) is a compound: of old, and kalpa (कल्प). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. iti (इति) is thus. It closes a quote or a thought. It stands as indeclinable. arthavādaḥ (अर्थवादः) is praise, words that are not the command. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
purā-kalpaḥ (पुरा-कल्पः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss stutiḥ (स्तुतिः) and nindā (निन्दा).