2.2.14
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.2.14
न, घटाभावसामान्यनित्यत्वात् नित्येषु अपि अनित्यवतुपचारात् च
na, ghaṭābhāvasāmānyanityatvāt nityeṣu api anityavat upacārāt ca
The line
Not a compound: ghaṭā (घटा), a state, a common case, eternal, and tvāta (त्वात), in eternal even, a compound: not eternal, and possessing, because of a figurative use and.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: na (न) + ghaṭā-bhāva-sāmānya-nitya-tvāta (घटा-भाव-सामान्य-नित्य-त्वात) + nityeṣu (नित्येषु) + api (अपि) + anitya-vat (अनित्य-वत्) + upacārāt (उपचारात्) + ca (च)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| ghaṭā-bhāva-sāmānya-nitya-tvāta (घटा-भाव-सामान्य-नित्य-त्वात) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: ghaṭā (घटा), a state, a common case, eternal, and tvāta (त्वात). Read it from the end |
| nityeṣu (नित्येषु) | locative plural | eternal |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | also, even |
| anitya-vat (अनित्य-वत्) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: not eternal, and possessing. Read it from the end |
| upacārāt (उपचारात्) | ablative singular | a figurative use |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
The phrases
na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. ghaṭā-bhāva-sāmānya-nitya-tvāta (घटा-भाव-सामान्य-नित्य-त्वात) is a compound: ghaṭā (घटा), a state, a common case, eternal, and tvāta (त्वात). Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member. nityeṣu (नित्येषु) is eternal. It stands as locative plural. api (अपि) is also, even. It stands as indeclinable.
anitya-vat (अनित्य-वत्) is a compound: not eternal, and possessing. Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member. upacārāt (उपचारात्) is a figurative use. It stands as ablative singular. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable.
Sanskrit in this line
ghaṭā-bhāva-sāmānya-nitya-tvāta (घटा-भाव-सामान्य-नित्य-त्वात) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss ghaṭā-bhāva-sāmānya-nitya-tvāta (घटा-भाव-सामान्य-नित्य-त्वात) and nityeṣu (नित्येषु).