2.2.18
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.2.18
प्राकुच्चारणातनुपलब्धेः आवरणाद्यनुपलब्धेः च
prāk uccāraṇāt anupalabdheḥ āvaraṇādyanupalabdheḥ ca
The line
Before, because of uccāraṇa (उच्चारण), of not being found, of āvaraṇādyanupalabdha (आवरणाद्यनुपलब्ध) and.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: prāk (प्राक्) + uccāraṇāt (उच्चारणात्) + anupalabdheḥ (अनुपलब्धेः) + āvaraṇādyanupalabdheḥ (आवरणाद्यनुपलब्धेः) + ca (च)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| prāk (प्राक्) | indeclinable | before |
| uccāraṇāt (उच्चारणात्) | ablative singular | uccāraṇa (उच्चारण) |
| anupalabdheḥ (अनुपलब्धेः) | genitive or ablative singular | not being found |
| āvaraṇādyanupalabdheḥ (आवरणाद्यनुपलब्धेः) | genitive or ablative singular | āvaraṇādyanupalabdha (आवरणाद्यनुपलब्ध) |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
The phrases
prāk (प्राक्) is before. It stands as indeclinable. uccāraṇāt (उच्चारणात्) is uccāraṇa (उच्चारण). It stands as ablative singular. anupalabdheḥ (अनुपलब्धेः) is not being found. It stands as genitive or ablative singular.
āvaraṇādyanupalabdheḥ (आवरणाद्यनुपलब्धेः) is āvaraṇādyanupalabdha (आवरणाद्यनुपलब्ध). It stands as genitive or ablative singular. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable.
Sanskrit in this line
āvaraṇādyanupalabdheḥ (आवरणाद्यनुपलब्धेः) is genitive or ablative singular. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss prāk (प्राक्) and uccāraṇāt (उच्चारणात्).