2.2.43
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.2.43
द्विविधस्य अपि हेतोः अभावातसाधनं दृष्टान्तः
dvividhasya api hetoḥ abhāvāt asādhanaṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ
The line
Of dvividha (द्विविध) even, of of a reason, from a reason, because of because of absence, asādhana (असाधन), an example.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: dvividhasya (द्विविधस्य) + api (अपि) + hetoḥ (हेतोः) + abhāvāt (अभावात्) + asādhanaṃ (असाधनं) + dṛṣṭāntaḥ (दृष्टान्तः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| dvividhasya (द्विविधस्य) | genitive singular | dvividha (द्विविध) |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | also, even |
| hetoḥ (हेतोः) | genitive or ablative singular | of a reason, from a reason |
| abhāvāt (अभावात्) | ablative singular | because of absence |
| asādhanaṃ (असाधनं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | asādhana (असाधन) |
| dṛṣṭāntaḥ (दृष्टान्तः) | nominative singular, masculine | an example |
The phrases
dvividhasya (द्विविधस्य) is dvividha (द्विविध). It stands as genitive singular. api (अपि) is also, even. It stands as indeclinable. hetoḥ (हेतोः) is of a reason, from a reason. It stands as genitive or ablative singular.
abhāvāt (अभावात्) is because of absence. It stands as ablative singular. asādhanaṃ (असाधनं) is asādhana (असाधन). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. dṛṣṭāntaḥ (दृष्टान्तः) is an example. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
dvividhasya (द्विविधस्य) is genitive singular. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss dvividhasya (द्विविधस्य) and hetoḥ (हेतोः).