2.2.53
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.2.53
नित्यानामतीन्द्रियत्वात् तद्धर्मविकल्पात् च वर्णविकाराणामप्रतिषेधः
nityānām atīndriyatvāt taddharmavikalpāt ca varṇavikārāṇām apratiṣedhaḥ
The line
Of eternal, because of atīndriyatva (अतीन्द्रियत्व), because of a compound: that, dharma, a property, and an alternative, a division and, of a compound: a sound, a class, and a transformation, the absence of a denial.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: nityānām (नित्यानाम्) + atīndriyatvāt (अतीन्द्रियत्वात्) + tat-dharma-vikalpāt (तत्-धर्म-विकल्पात्) + ca (च) + varṇa-vikārāṇām (वर्ण-विकाराणाम्) + apratiṣedhaḥ (अप्रतिषेधः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| nityānām (नित्यानाम्) | genitive plural | eternal |
| atīndriyatvāt (अतीन्द्रियत्वात्) | ablative singular | atīndriyatva (अतीन्द्रियत्व) |
| tat-dharma-vikalpāt (तत्-धर्म-विकल्पात्) | ablative singular | a compound: that, dharma, a property, and an alternative, a division. Read it from the end |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| varṇa-vikārāṇām (वर्ण-विकाराणाम्) | genitive plural | a compound: a sound, a class, and a transformation. Read it from the end |
| apratiṣedhaḥ (अप्रतिषेधः) | nominative singular, masculine | the absence of a denial |
The phrases
nityānām (नित्यानाम्) is eternal. It stands as genitive plural. atīndriyatvāt (अतीन्द्रियत्वात्) is atīndriyatva (अतीन्द्रियत्व). It stands as ablative singular. tat-dharma-vikalpāt (तत्-धर्म-विकल्पात्) is a compound: that, dharma, a property, and an alternative, a division. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular.
ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. varṇa-vikārāṇām (वर्ण-विकाराणाम्) is a compound: a sound, a class, and a transformation. Read it from the end. It stands as genitive plural. apratiṣedhaḥ (अप्रतिषेधः) is the absence of a denial. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
tat-dharma-vikalpāt (तत्-धर्म-विकल्पात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss nityānām (नित्यानाम्) and atīndriyatvāt (अतीन्द्रियत्वात्).