2.2.55
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.2.55
विकारधर्मित्वे नित्यत्वाभावात् कालान्तरे विकारोपपत्तेः च अप्रतिषेधः
vikāradharmitve nityatvābhāvāt kālāntare vikāropapatteḥ ca apratiṣedhaḥ
The line
In a compound: a transformation, and dharmitva (धर्मित्व), because of a compound: eternal, the state of being that, and absence, in a compound: time, and a difference, an interval, of vikāropapatta (विकारोपपत्त) and, the absence of a denial.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: vikāra-dharmitve (विकार-धर्मित्वे) + nitya-tva-abhāvāt (नित्य-त्व-अभावात्) + kāla-antare (काल-अन्तरे) + vikāropapatteḥ (विकारोपपत्तेः) + ca (च) + apratiṣedhaḥ (अप्रतिषेधः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| vikāra-dharmitve (विकार-धर्मित्वे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: a transformation, and dharmitva (धर्मित्व). Read it from the end |
| nitya-tva-abhāvāt (नित्य-त्व-अभावात्) | ablative singular | a compound: eternal, the state of being that, and absence. Read it from the end |
| kāla-antare (काल-अन्तरे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: time, and a difference, an interval. Read it from the end |
| vikāropapatteḥ (विकारोपपत्तेः) | genitive or ablative singular | vikāropapatta (विकारोपपत्त) |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| apratiṣedhaḥ (अप्रतिषेधः) | nominative singular, masculine | the absence of a denial |
The phrases
vikāra-dharmitve (विकार-धर्मित्वे) is a compound: a transformation, and dharmitva (धर्मित्व). Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. nitya-tva-abhāvāt (नित्य-त्व-अभावात्) is a compound: eternal, the state of being that, and absence. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. kāla-antare (काल-अन्तरे) is a compound: time, and a difference, an interval. Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter.
vikāropapatteḥ (विकारोपपत्तेः) is vikāropapatta (विकारोपपत्त). It stands as genitive or ablative singular. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. apratiṣedhaḥ (अप्रतिषेधः) is the absence of a denial. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
nitya-tva-abhāvāt (नित्य-त्व-अभावात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss vikāra-dharmitve (विकार-धर्मित्वे) and nitya-tva-abhāvāt (नित्य-त्व-अभावात्).
Next
2.2.56. Because of a compound: nature, what is seen, and the absence of a fixed rule.