2.2.58
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.2.58
नियमानियमविरोधातनियमे नियमात् च अप्रतिषेधः
niyamāniyamavirodhāt aniyame niyamāt ca apratiṣedhaḥ
The line
Because of a compound: a restriction, the absence of a fixed rule, and a clash, in the absence of a fixed rule, because of a restriction and, the absence of a denial.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: niyama-aniyama-virodhāt (नियम-अनियम-विरोधात्) + aniyame (अनियमे) + niyamāt (नियमात्) + ca (च) + apratiṣedhaḥ (अप्रतिषेधः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| niyama-aniyama-virodhāt (नियम-अनियम-विरोधात्) | ablative singular | a compound: a restriction, the absence of a fixed rule, and a clash. Read it from the end |
| aniyame (अनियमे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | the absence of a fixed rule |
| niyamāt (नियमात्) | ablative singular | a restriction |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| apratiṣedhaḥ (अप्रतिषेधः) | nominative singular, masculine | the absence of a denial |
The phrases
niyama-aniyama-virodhāt (नियम-अनियम-विरोधात्) is a compound: a restriction, the absence of a fixed rule, and a clash. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. aniyame (अनियमे) is the absence of a fixed rule. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. niyamāt (नियमात्) is a restriction. It stands as ablative singular.
ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. apratiṣedhaḥ (अप्रतिषेधः) is the absence of a denial. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
niyama-aniyama-virodhāt (नियम-अनियम-विरोधात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss niyama-aniyama-virodhāt (नियम-अनियम-विरोधात्) and aniyame (अनियमे).