2.2.9
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.2.9
असति अर्थे न अभावः इति चेत् न, अन्यलक्षणोपपत्तेः
asati arthe na abhāvaḥ iti cet na, anyalakṣaṇopapatteḥ
The line
If you say that in what is not, in in the thing, in the meaning, not absence, no, of a compound: other, lakṣa (लक्ष), ṇopa (णोप), and patta (पत्त).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: asati (असति) + arthe (अर्थे) + na (न) + abhāvaḥ (अभावः) + iti (इति) + cet (चेत्) + na (न) + anya-lakṣa-ṇopa-patteḥ (अन्य-लक्ष-णोप-पत्तेः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| asati (असति) | locative singular, or nominative singular | what is not |
| arthe (अर्थे) | locative singular | in the thing, in the meaning |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| abhāvaḥ (अभावः) | nominative singular, masculine | absence |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | thus. It closes a quote or a thought |
| cet (चेत्) | indeclinable | if you say, if |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| anya-lakṣa-ṇopa-patteḥ (अन्य-लक्ष-णोप-पत्तेः) | genitive or ablative singular | a compound: other, lakṣa (लक्ष), ṇopa (णोप), and patta (पत्त). Read it from the end |
The phrases
asati (असति) is what is not. It stands as locative singular, or nominative singular. arthe (अर्थे) is in the thing, in the meaning. It stands as locative singular. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. abhāvaḥ (अभावः) is absence. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
iti (इति) is thus. It closes a quote or a thought. It stands as indeclinable. cet (चेत्) is if you say, if. It stands as indeclinable. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. anya-lakṣa-ṇopa-patteḥ (अन्य-लक्ष-णोप-पत्तेः) is a compound: other, lakṣa (लक्ष), ṇopa (णोप), and patta (पत्त). Read it from the end. It stands as genitive or ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
anya-lakṣa-ṇopa-patteḥ (अन्य-लक्ष-णोप-पत्तेः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss asati (असति) and arthe (अर्थे).
Next
2.2.10. Of a compound: that, and established, in alakṣita (अलक्षित), a non-reason.