3.1.10
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.1.10
अवयवनाशे अपि अवयव्युपलब्धेः अहेतुः
avayavanāśe api avayavyupalabdheḥ ahetuḥ
The line
In a compound: a part, and destruction even, of avayavyupalabdha (अवयव्युपलब्ध), a non-reason.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Examines the objects: the self, the body, the senses, the mind. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: avayava-nāśe (अवयव-नाशे) + api (अपि) + avayavyupalabdheḥ (अवयव्युपलब्धेः) + ahetuḥ (अहेतुः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| avayava-nāśe (अवयव-नाशे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: a part, and destruction. Read it from the end |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | also, even |
| avayavyupalabdheḥ (अवयव्युपलब्धेः) | genitive or ablative singular | avayavyupalabdha (अवयव्युपलब्ध) |
| ahetuḥ (अहेतुः) | nominative singular, masculine | a non-reason |
The phrases
avayava-nāśe (अवयव-नाशे) is a compound: a part, and destruction. Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. api (अपि) is also, even. It stands as indeclinable.
avayavyupalabdheḥ (अवयव्युपलब्धेः) is avayavyupalabdha (अवयव्युपलब्ध). It stands as genitive or ablative singular. ahetuḥ (अहेतुः) is a non-reason. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
avayavyupalabdheḥ (अवयव्युपलब्धेः) is genitive or ablative singular. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss avayava-nāśe (अवयव-नाशे) and avayavyupalabdheḥ (अवयव्युपलब्धेः).
Next
3.1.11. Because of a compound: an example, and a clash, the absence of a denial.