3.1.5
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.1.5
तदभावः सात्मकप्रदाहे अपि, तन्नित्यत्वात्
tadabhāvaḥ sātmakapradāhe api, tannityatvāt
The line
That, absence, in sātmakapradāha (सात्मकप्रदाह) even, because of a compound: that, eternal, and the state of being that.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Examines the objects: the self, the body, the senses, the mind. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: tad (तद्) + abhāvaḥ (अभावः) + sātmakapradāhe (सात्मकप्रदाहे) + api (अपि) + tat-nitya-tvāt (तत्-नित्य-त्वात्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tad (तद्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | that |
| abhāvaḥ (अभावः) | nominative singular, masculine | absence |
| sātmakapradāhe (सात्मकप्रदाहे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | sātmakapradāha (सात्मकप्रदाह) |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | also, even |
| tat-nitya-tvāt (तत्-नित्य-त्वात्) | ablative singular | a compound: that, eternal, and the state of being that. Read it from the end |
The phrases
tad (तद्) is that. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. abhāvaḥ (अभावः) is absence. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line joins them as tadabhāvaḥ (तदभावः). sātmakapradāhe (सात्मकप्रदाहे) is sātmakapradāha (सात्मकप्रदाह). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter.
api (अपि) is also, even. It stands as indeclinable. tat-nitya-tvāt (तत्-नित्य-त्वात्) is a compound: that, eternal, and the state of being that. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
sātmakapradāhe (सात्मकप्रदाहे) is locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. That ending is the work an English preposition would do. The line joins them as tadabhāvaḥ (तदभावः).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss abhāvaḥ (अभावः) and sātmakapradāhe (सात्मकप्रदाहे).
Next
3.1.6. Not because of a compound: an effect, a seat, a support, an agent, and vadha (वध).