3.1.66
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.1.66
विष्टं हि अपरं परेण
viṣṭaṃ hi aparaṃ pareṇa
The line
viṣṭa (विष्ट). apara (अपर), by means of by the later one, by another.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Examines the objects: the self, the body, the senses, the mind. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: viṣṭaṃ (विष्टं) + hi (हि) + aparaṃ (अपरं) + pareṇa (परेण)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| viṣṭaṃ (विष्टं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | viṣṭa (विष्ट) |
| hi (हि) | indeclinable | for, indeed |
| aparaṃ (अपरं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | apara (अपर) |
| pareṇa (परेण) | instrumental singular | by the later one, by another |
The phrases
viṣṭaṃ (विष्टं) is viṣṭa (विष्ट). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. hi (हि) is for, indeed. It stands as indeclinable.
aparaṃ (अपरं) is apara (अपर). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. pareṇa (परेण) is by the later one, by another. It stands as instrumental singular.
Sanskrit in this line
viṣṭaṃ (विष्टं) is accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss viṣṭaṃ (विष्टं) and aparaṃ (अपरं).