3.2.23
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.2.23
विनाशकारणानुपलब्धेः च अवस्थाने तन्नित्यत्वप्रसङ्गः
vināśakāraṇānupalabdheḥ ca avasthāne tannityatvaprasaṅgaḥ
The line
Of a compound: without, śakā (शका), raṇā (रणा), nupa (नुप), and labdha (लब्ध) and, in avasthāna (अवस्थान), a compound: that, eternal, the state of being that, and an unwanted consequence.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Examines the objects: the self, the body, the senses, the mind. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: vinā-śakā-raṇā-nupa-labdheḥ (विना-शका-रणा-नुप-लब्धेः) + ca (च) + avasthāne (अवस्थाने) + tat-nitya-tva-prasaṅgaḥ (तत्-नित्य-त्व-प्रसङ्गः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| vinā-śakā-raṇā-nupa-labdheḥ (विना-शका-रणा-नुप-लब्धेः) | genitive or ablative singular | a compound: without, śakā (शका), raṇā (रणा), nupa (नुप), and labdha (लब्ध). Read it from the end |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| avasthāne (अवस्थाने) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | avasthāna (अवस्थान) |
| tat-nitya-tva-prasaṅgaḥ (तत्-नित्य-त्व-प्रसङ्गः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: that, eternal, the state of being that, and an unwanted consequence. Read it from the end |
The phrases
vinā-śakā-raṇā-nupa-labdheḥ (विना-शका-रणा-नुप-लब्धेः) is a compound: without, śakā (शका), raṇā (रणा), nupa (नुप), and labdha (लब्ध). Read it from the end. It stands as genitive or ablative singular. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable.
avasthāne (अवस्थाने) is avasthāna (अवस्थान). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. tat-nitya-tva-prasaṅgaḥ (तत्-नित्य-त्व-प्रसङ्गः) is a compound: that, eternal, the state of being that, and an unwanted consequence. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
vinā-śakā-raṇā-nupa-labdheḥ (विना-शका-रणा-नुप-लब्धेः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss vinā-śakā-raṇā-nupa-labdheḥ (विना-शका-रणा-नुप-लब्धेः) and avasthāne (अवस्थाने).