3.2.3
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.2.3
साध्यसमत्वातहेतुः
sādhyasamatvāt ahetuḥ
The line
Because of a compound: a reason equal to what is to be proved, and the state of being that, a non-reason.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Examines the objects: the self, the body, the senses, the mind. The line is short. viṣaya-prati-abhi-jñānāt (विषय-प्रति-अभि-ज्ञानात्) from 3.2.2 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: sādhyasama-tvāt (साध्यसम-त्वात्) + ahetuḥ (अहेतुः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sādhyasama-tvāt (साध्यसम-त्वात्) | ablative singular | a compound: a reason equal to what is to be proved, and the state of being that. Read it from the end |
| ahetuḥ (अहेतुः) | nominative singular, masculine | a non-reason |
The phrases
sādhyasama-tvāt (साध्यसम-त्वात्) is a compound: a reason equal to what is to be proved, and the state of being that. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular.
ahetuḥ (अहेतुः) is a non-reason. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
sādhyasama-tvāt (साध्यसम-त्वात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss sādhyasama-tvāt (साध्यसम-त्वात्) and ahetuḥ (अहेतुः).
Next
3.2.4. Not at one time, a compound: a not-taking, and ṇāta (णात).