4.1.13
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.1.13
व्यक्ताद् घटनिष्पत्तेरप्रतिषेधः
vyaktād ghaṭaniṣpatterapratiṣedhaḥ
The line
Because of vyakta (व्यक्त), a compound: ghaṭa (घट), niṣpa (निष्प), ttera (त्तेर), and a denial.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The line is short. ghaṭād (घटाद्) from 4.1.12 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: vyaktād (व्यक्ताद्) + ghaṭa-niṣpa-ttera-pratiṣedhaḥ (घट-निष्प-त्तेर-प्रतिषेधः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| vyaktād (व्यक्ताद्) | ablative singular | vyakta (व्यक्त) |
| ghaṭa-niṣpa-ttera-pratiṣedhaḥ (घट-निष्प-त्तेर-प्रतिषेधः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: ghaṭa (घट), niṣpa (निष्प), ttera (त्तेर), and a denial. Read it from the end |
The phrases
vyaktād (व्यक्ताद्) is vyakta (व्यक्त). It stands as ablative singular.
ghaṭa-niṣpa-ttera-pratiṣedhaḥ (घट-निष्प-त्तेर-प्रतिषेधः) is a compound: ghaṭa (घट), niṣpa (निष्प), ttera (त्तेर), and a denial. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
ghaṭa-niṣpa-ttera-pratiṣedhaḥ (घट-निष्प-त्तेर-प्रतिषेधः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss vyaktād (व्यक्ताद्) and ghaṭa-niṣpa-ttera-pratiṣedhaḥ (घट-निष्प-त्तेर-प्रतिषेधः).