4.1.25
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.1.25
सर्वमनित्यम्, उत्पत्तिविनाशधर्मकत्वात्
sarvam anityam, utpattivināśadharmakatvāt
The line
All, not eternal, because of a compound: arising, the origin, vināśa (विनाश), dharma, a property, and katva (कत्व).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: sarvam (सर्वम्) + anityam (अनित्यम्) + utpatti-vināśa-dharma-katvāt (उत्पत्ति-विनाश-धर्म-कत्वात्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sarvam (सर्वम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | all |
| anityam (अनित्यम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | not eternal |
| utpatti-vināśa-dharma-katvāt (उत्पत्ति-विनाश-धर्म-कत्वात्) | ablative singular | a compound: arising, the origin, vināśa (विनाश), dharma, a property, and katva (कत्व). Read it from the end |
The phrases
sarvam (सर्वम्) is all. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. anityam (अनित्यम्) is not eternal. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
utpatti-vināśa-dharma-katvāt (उत्पत्ति-विनाश-धर्म-कत्वात्) is a compound: arising, the origin, vināśa (विनाश), dharma, a property, and katva (कत्व). Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
utpatti-vināśa-dharma-katvāt (उत्पत्ति-विनाश-धर्म-कत्वात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss sarvam (सर्वम्) and anityam (अनित्यम्).