4.2.17
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.2.17
परं वा त्रुटेः
paraṃ vā truṭeḥ
The line
The highest, only or, of truṭa (त्रुट).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The line is short. pralayo (प्रलयो) from 4.2.16 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: paraṃ (परं) + vā (वा) + truṭeḥ (त्रुटेः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| paraṃ (परं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | the highest, only |
| vā (वा) | indeclinable | or |
| truṭeḥ (त्रुटेः) | genitive or ablative singular | truṭa (त्रुट) |
The phrases
paraṃ (परं) is the highest, only. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. vā (वा) is or. It stands as indeclinable.
truṭeḥ (त्रुटेः) is truṭa (त्रुट). It stands as genitive or ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
truṭeḥ (त्रुटेः) is genitive or ablative singular. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss paraṃ (परं) and truṭeḥ (त्रुटेः).
Next
4.2.18. Because of a compound: space, vyati (व्यति), and a difference, tadanupapatta (तदनुपपत्त).