4.2.37
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.2.37
तत्त्वप्रधानभेदाच्च मिथ्याबुद्धेर्द्वैविध्योपपत्तिः
tattvapradhānabhedācca mithyābuddherdvaividhyopapattiḥ
The line
A compound: a reality, what is so, the unmanifest of Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य), and bhedācca (भेदाच्च), a compound: mithyā (मिथ्या), buddhe (बुद्धे), rdvai (र्द्वै), an injunction, and opapatta (ओपपत्त).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The line is short. buddheścaivaṃ (बुद्धेश्चैवं) from 4.2.36 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: tattva-pradhāna-bhedācca (तत्त्व-प्रधान-भेदाच्च) + mithyā-buddhe-rdvai-vidhi-opapattiḥ (मिथ्या-बुद्धे-र्द्वै-विधि-ओपपत्तिः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tattva-pradhāna-bhedācca (तत्त्व-प्रधान-भेदाच्च) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: a reality, what is so, the unmanifest of Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य), and bhedācca (भेदाच्च). Read it from the end |
| mithyā-buddhe-rdvai-vidhi-opapattiḥ (मिथ्या-बुद्धे-र्द्वै-विधि-ओपपत्तिः) | nominative singular | a compound: mithyā (मिथ्या), buddhe (बुद्धे), rdvai (र्द्वै), an injunction, and opapatta (ओपपत्त). Read it from the end |
The phrases
tattva-pradhāna-bhedācca (तत्त्व-प्रधान-भेदाच्च) is a compound: a reality, what is so, the unmanifest of Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य), and bhedācca (भेदाच्च). Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member.
mithyā-buddhe-rdvai-vidhi-opapattiḥ (मिथ्या-बुद्धे-र्द्वै-विधि-ओपपत्तिः) is a compound: mithyā (मिथ्या), buddhe (बुद्धे), rdvai (र्द्वै), an injunction, and opapatta (ओपपत्त). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
mithyā-buddhe-rdvai-vidhi-opapattiḥ (मिथ्या-बुद्धे-र्द्वै-विधि-ओपपत्तिः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss tattva-pradhāna-bhedācca (तत्त्व-प्रधान-भेदाच्च) and mithyā-buddhe-rdvai-vidhi-opapattiḥ (मिथ्या-बुद्धे-र्द्वै-विधि-ओपपत्तिः).
Next
4.2.38. Because of a compound: samādhi (समाधि), a difference, and practice.