4.2.9
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.2.9
पृथक् चावयवेभ्योऽवृत्तेः
pṛthak cāvayavebhyo 'vṛtteḥ
The line
Separately, cāvayavebhya (चावयवेभ्य), of avṛtta (अवृत्त).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: pṛthak (पृथक्) + cāvayavebhyo (चावयवेभ्यो) + avṛtteḥ (अवृत्तेः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| pṛthak (पृथक्) | indeclinable | separately |
| cāvayavebhyo (चावयवेभ्यो) | nominative singular, masculine | cāvayavebhya (चावयवेभ्य) |
| avṛtteḥ (अवृत्तेः) | genitive or ablative singular | avṛtta (अवृत्त) |
The phrases
pṛthak (पृथक्) is separately. It stands as indeclinable. cāvayavebhyo (चावयवेभ्यो) is cāvayavebhya (चावयवेभ्य). It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
avṛtteḥ (अवृत्तेः) is avṛtta (अवृत्त). It stands as genitive or ablative singular. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped.
Sanskrit in this line
The apostrophe is an avagraha. It marks an a that sandhi dropped. The sitting puts that a back. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss pṛthak (पृथक्) and cāvayavebhyo (चावयवेभ्यो).