5.1.15
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 5 / 5.1.15
साधर्म्यात्संशये न संशयो वैधर्म्यादुभयथा वा संशयेऽत्यन्त संशयप्रसङ्गो नित्यत्वानभ्यूपगमाच्च सामान्यस्याप्रतिषेधः
sādharmyātsaṃśaye na saṃśayo vaidharmyādubhayathā vā saṃśaye 'tyanta saṃśayaprasaṅgo nityatvānabhyūpagamācca sāmānyasyāpratiṣedhaḥ
The line
For sādharmyātsaṃśa (साधर्म्यात्संश), not doubt, a compound: vaidha (वैध), rmyā (र्म्या), dubha (दुभ), and as or, in doubt, absolute, a compound: doubt, and an unwanted consequence, a compound: eternal, tvāna (त्वान), bhyū (भ्यू), paga (पग), and mācca (माच्च), a compound: sāmā (सामा), nyasyā (न्यस्या), and a denial.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 5. The false rejoinders, called jāti (जाति), and the points on which a debate is lost. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: sādharmyātsaṃśaye (साधर्म्यात्संशये) + na (न) + saṃśayaḥ (संशयः) + vaidha-rmyā-dubha-yathā (वैध-र्म्या-दुभ-यथा) + vā (वा) + saṃśaye (संशये) + atyanta (अत्यन्त) + saṃśaya-prasaṅgaḥ (संशय-प्रसङ्गः) + nitya-tvāna-bhyū-paga-mācca (नित्य-त्वान-भ्यू-पग-माच्च) + sāmā-nyasyā-pratiṣedhaḥ (सामा-न्यस्या-प्रतिषेधः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sādharmyātsaṃśaye (साधर्म्यात्संशये) | dative singular | sādharmyātsaṃśa (साधर्म्यात्संश) |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| saṃśayaḥ (संशयः) | nominative singular, masculine | doubt |
| vaidha-rmyā-dubha-yathā (वैध-र्म्या-दुभ-यथा) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: vaidha (वैध), rmyā (र्म्या), dubha (दुभ), and as. Read it from the end |
| vā (वा) | indeclinable | or |
| saṃśaye (संशये) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | doubt |
| atyanta (अत्यन्त) | the stem, as the line writes it | absolute |
| saṃśaya-prasaṅgaḥ (संशय-प्रसङ्गः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: doubt, and an unwanted consequence. Read it from the end |
| nitya-tvāna-bhyū-paga-mācca (नित्य-त्वान-भ्यू-पग-माच्च) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: eternal, tvāna (त्वान), bhyū (भ्यू), paga (पग), and mācca (माच्च). Read it from the end |
| sāmā-nyasyā-pratiṣedhaḥ (सामा-न्यस्या-प्रतिषेधः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: sāmā (सामा), nyasyā (न्यस्या), and a denial. Read it from the end |
The phrases
sādharmyātsaṃśaye (साधर्म्यात्संशये) is sādharmyātsaṃśa (साधर्म्यात्संश). It stands as dative singular. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. saṃśayaḥ (संशयः) is doubt. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it saṃśayo (संशयो). vaidha-rmyā-dubha-yathā (वैध-र्म्या-दुभ-यथा) is a compound: vaidha (वैध), rmyā (र्म्या), dubha (दुभ), and as. Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member. vā (वा) is or. It stands as indeclinable.
saṃśaye (संशये) is doubt. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. atyanta (अत्यन्त) is absolute. It stands as the stem, as the line writes it. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. saṃśaya-prasaṅgaḥ (संशय-प्रसङ्गः) is a compound: doubt, and an unwanted consequence. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it saṃśayaprasaṅgo (संशयप्रसङ्गो). nitya-tvāna-bhyū-paga-mācca (नित्य-त्वान-भ्यू-पग-माच्च) is a compound: eternal, tvāna (त्वान), bhyū (भ्यू), paga (पग), and mācca (माच्च). Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member. sāmā-nyasyā-pratiṣedhaḥ (सामा-न्यस्या-प्रतिषेधः) is a compound: sāmā (सामा), nyasyā (न्यस्या), and a denial. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
nitya-tvāna-bhyū-paga-mācca (नित्य-त्वान-भ्यू-पग-माच्च) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it saṃśayo (संशयो). The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. The line writes it saṃśayaprasaṅgo (संशयप्रसङ्गो).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss sādharmyātsaṃśaye (साधर्म्यात्संशये) and saṃśayaḥ (संशयः).