5.2.6
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 5 / 5.2.6
अविशेषोक्ते हेतौ प्रतिषिद्धे विशेषमिच्छतो हेत्वन्तरम्
aviśeṣokte hetau pratiṣiddhe viśeṣamicchato hetvantaram
The line
In a compound: no difference, and what has been said, a reason, in a compound: toward, against, and ṣiddha (षिद्ध), a compound: a difference, and micchata (मिच्छत), a compound: a reason, and a difference, an interval.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 5. The false rejoinders, called jāti (जाति), and the points on which a debate is lost. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: aviśeṣa-ukte (अविशेष-उक्ते) + hetau (हेतौ) + prati-ṣiddhe (प्रति-षिद्धे) + viśeṣa-micchataḥ (विशेष-मिच्छतः) + hetu-antaram (हेतु-अन्तरम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| aviśeṣa-ukte (अविशेष-उक्ते) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: no difference, and what has been said. Read it from the end |
| hetau (हेतौ) | nominative or accusative dual, or locative singular | a reason |
| prati-ṣiddhe (प्रति-षिद्धे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: toward, against, and ṣiddha (षिद्ध). Read it from the end |
| viśeṣa-micchataḥ (विशेष-मिच्छतः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: a difference, and micchata (मिच्छत). Read it from the end |
| hetu-antaram (हेतु-अन्तरम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a compound: a reason, and a difference, an interval. Read it from the end |
The phrases
aviśeṣa-ukte (अविशेष-उक्ते) is a compound: no difference, and what has been said. Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. hetau (हेतौ) is a reason. It stands as nominative or accusative dual, or locative singular. prati-ṣiddhe (प्रति-षिद्धे) is a compound: toward, against, and ṣiddha (षिद्ध). Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter.
viśeṣa-micchataḥ (विशेष-मिच्छतः) is a compound: a difference, and micchata (मिच्छत). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it viśeṣamicchato (विशेषमिच्छतो). hetu-antaram (हेतु-अन्तरम्) is a compound: a reason, and a difference, an interval. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
viśeṣa-micchataḥ (विशेष-मिच्छतः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it viśeṣamicchato (विशेषमिच्छतो).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss aviśeṣa-ukte (अविशेष-उक्ते) and hetau (हेतौ).