4.4.20
Brahma Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.4.20
दर्शयतश् चैवं प्रत्यक्षानुमाने
darśayataś caivaṃ pratyakṣānumāne
The line
Shows and thus, in a compound: direct, and inference.
Where it sits
In Brahma Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Phala. The result. The last line says there is no return. The line is short. vikārāvarti (विकारावर्ति) from 4.4.19 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: darśayataḥ (दर्शयतः) + ca (च) + evaṃ (एवं) + pratyakṣa-anumāne (प्रत्यक्ष-अनुमाने)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| darśayataḥ (दर्शयतः) | nominative singular, masculine | shows |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| evaṃ (एवं) | indeclinable | in this way |
| pratyakṣa-anumāne (प्रत्यक्ष-अनुमाने) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: direct, and inference. Read it from the end |
The phrases
darśayataḥ (दर्शयतः) is shows. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it darśayataś (दर्शयतश्). ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable.
evaṃ (एवं) is in this way. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as caivaṃ (चैवं). pratyakṣa-anumāne (प्रत्यक्ष-अनुमाने) is a compound: direct, and inference. Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
pratyakṣa-anumāne (प्रत्यक्ष-अनुमाने) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it darśayataś (दर्शयतश्). The line joins them as caivaṃ (चैवं).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss darśayataḥ (दर्शयतः) and pratyakṣa-anumāne (प्रत्यक्ष-अनुमाने).
Next
4.4.21. Because of a compound: experience, mātra (मात्र), sameness, agreement, and a mark and.