Lesson 102: The Visarga in the Quarter

Index · Lesson 101: The Joined Quarter · Lesson 103: Consonants That Meet

Lesson 94: The Visarga in Speech says what the ear does with सः and गुरुः. A śloka writes that change. This book still writes the visarga, so the ending stays visible.

Before क, ख, प, or फ, the visarga stays. गुरुः पठति is written with the visarga in a verse as well.

Before a voiced consonant, a visarga after अ is written ओ. मुक्तिः is not this row: the vowel before the visarga is इ, so the visarga is written र्. A visarga after any vowel other than अ is written र् before a voiced consonant.

Before त् or थ्, the visarga is written स्. Before च् or छ्, it is written श्. Before ट् or ठ्, it is written ष्. Before श्, ष्, or स्, it becomes that same sound.

अः before अ is ओऽ, which lesson 94 already says for सः अस्ति. अः before a different vowel drops the visarga and leaves the अ. जनकः उवाच is written जनक उवाच.

चलति means “he moves,” हिँड्छ. It follows पठति. अधिकारः means “a right,” अधिकार. It is like छात्रः. ते here is “your,” the short form from Lesson 105: Short Words in the Verse. मुक्तिः means “liberation,” मुक्ति. It is like बुद्धिः. पापम् means “an evil,” पाप. It is like पुस्तकम्. The from-form of the plural is पापेभ्यः, like पुस्तकेभ्यः.

The pronoun सः stays on the lesson 94 column. Do not build the स् of अधिकारस्ते from सः. A noun in अः before त् is स्: छात्रः तत्र is written छात्रस्तत्र in a verse.

Practice

1. Open मुक्तिर्भविष्यति into मुक्तिः and भविष्यति.
2. Open अधिकारस्ते into अधिकारः and ते.
3. Open जनक उवाच into जनकः and उवाच.

Next

Lesson 103: Consonants That Meet is न् before त्, and त् before ज् or श्.