Lesson 103: Consonants That Meet
Index · Lesson 102: The Visarga in the Quarter · Lesson 104: From the End
Lesson 22: Joining Words already writes a final म् as ं before a consonant. A verse does that too. Two other consonant joins hide a word.
A final न्, very often the object plural -आन्, meets त्, थ्, च्, छ्, ट्, or ठ्. The न् is written ं, and a sibilant is written with it. Before त् or थ् the sibilant is स्. Before च् or छ् it is श्. Before ट् or ठ् it is ष्.
A final त् or द् meets a palatal and changes to match it. Before ज् it is written ज्. Before श् it is written च्छ. Before a voiced consonant that is not one of these, a final त् is often left as द्, which is why a verse still shows एतद् before ब्रूहि.
| Apart | In the verse | Why |
|---|---|---|
| देवान् तव | देवांस्तव | न् before त् is written ंस्. |
| सर्वान् तथा | सर्वांस्तथा | The same join, before थ्. |
| अभिघातात् जिज्ञासा | अभिघाताज्जिज्ञासा | त् before ज् is written ज्. |
| तत् श्रुत्वा | तच्छ्रुत्वा | त् before श् is written च्छ. |
| प्राप्तम् एतद् ब्रूहि | प्राप्तमेतद्ब्रूहि | द् before a voiced ब् stays द्. The vowel join is lesson 101. |
देवः means “a god,” already on the gods page. तव is “your,” from Lesson 10: I and You. तथा means “and so,” त्यसरी. अभिघातः means “a blow,” चोट. It is like छात्रः. The from-form is अभिघातात्. जिज्ञासा is Lesson 113: Wanting to Know. श्रुत्वा is “having heard,” from Lesson 43: Having Gone.
सम् before ग् is still ङ्, and it is part of the word, as Lesson 89: A Prefix on the Verb writes सङ्गच्छति. When a verse shows a class nasal, undo it as the prefix or the word you already know.
Practice
- Open देवांस्तव into देवान् and तव.
- Open तच्छ्रुत्वा into तत् and श्रुत्वा.
- Say why एतद् stays एतद् before ब्रूहि.
Next
Lesson 104: From the End reads a long compound from its last member.