Lesson 104: From the End
Index · Lesson 103: Consonants That Meet · Lesson 105: Short Words in the Verse
Lessons 75 through 79 name the four compounds and the frozen adverb. A śloka writes the compound as one word, with the joins of lessons 101 through 103 already made. Read it from the end. The last member carries the ending. Each member before it tells you what kind of thing that last member is.
दुःखत्रयाभिघातात्. The ending -आत् is “from.” The last member is अभिघात, “a blow.” Before it, त्रय, “a group of three.” Before that, दुःख, “pain.” From the blow of the triad of pain.
कर्मफलहेतुः. The ending is the subject visarga. The last member is हेतुः, “a cause,” like गुरुः. फलम् is “a fruit,” already a lesson word. कर्म is “a deed,” from lesson 64. A cause that is the fruit of the deed.
सर्वधर्मान्. The ending -आन् is the object plural, like छात्रान्. The last member is धर्मः, “duty,” like छात्रः. सर्व means “all,” from Lesson 57: All. All duties, as the object.
भूतविशेषसङ्घान्. The ending is again -आन्. सङ्घः means “a host,” समूह. It is like छात्रः. विशेषः means “a kind,” प्रकार. It is like छात्रः. भूतम् means “a being,” प्राणी. It is like पुस्तकम्. Hosts of the various beings.
| Verse word | Read from the end |
|---|---|
| दुःखत्रयाभिघातात् | from the blow, of the triad, of pain |
| कर्मफलहेतुः | a cause, that is the fruit, of the deed |
| सर्वधर्मान् | duties, all of them, as the object |
| भूतविशेषसङ्घान् | hosts, of the kinds, of beings |
The pieces are listed again on the verse word sets. A piece that is not in the list still takes an ending you know. Look the piece up by its subject form.
Practice
- Name the last member of दुःखत्रयाभिघातात्, then the member before it.
- Say what ending सर्वधर्मान् is using, and which lesson word has that ending.
- Split भूतविशेषसङ्घान् into three words and give each meaning.
Next
Lesson 105: Short Words in the Verse is हि, तु, त्वा, क्व, and चेत्.