1.1.12
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.12
घ्राणरसनचक्षुस्त्वक्श्रोत्राणीन्द्रियाणि भूतेभ्यः
ghrāṇarasanacakṣustvakśrotrāṇīndriyāṇi bhūtebhyaḥ
The line
Nose, tongue, eye, skin, and ear are the senses, and they arise from the elements.
नेपालीमा
नाक, जिब्रो, आँखा, छाला र कान इन्द्रिय हुन्, र तिनीहरू भूतबाट उत्पन्न हुन्छन्।
Where it sits
indriya from 1.1.9, already used inside 1.1.11, is the word being defined.
Split: ghrāṇa-rasana-cakṣus-tvac-śrotrāṇi (घ्राण-रसन-चक्षुस्-त्वच्-श्रोत्राणि) + indriyāṇi (इन्द्रियाणि) + bhūtebhyaḥ (भूतेभ्यः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| ghrāṇa-rasana-cakṣus-tvac-śrotrāṇi (घ्राण-रसन-चक्षुस्-त्वच्-श्रोत्राणि) | nominative plural, neuter | nose, tongue, eye, skin, and ear |
| indriyāṇi (इन्द्रियाणि) | nominative plural, neuter | the senses |
| bhūtebhyaḥ (भूतेभ्यः) | ablative plural, neuter | from the elements |
The phrases
Five senses, in a fixed order. ghrāṇa (घ्राण) is the nose, rasana the tongue, cakṣus (चक्षु) the eye, tvac the skin, śrotra (श्रोत्र) the ear. The mind is not in this list. manas was named separately among the prameyas.
bhūtebhyaḥ (भूतेभ्यः) says these senses arise from the elements. The line does not yet say which sense from which element. The next line names the elements in an order that matches this one.
Sanskrit in this line
śrotrāṇi (श्रोत्राणि) and indriyāṇi (इन्द्रियाणि) meet as śrotrāṇīndriyāṇi (श्रोत्राणीन्द्रियाणि), because i plus i becomes ī (ई). tvac before śrotra (श्रोत्र) is written tvak.
Say it back
Name the five senses in this order, and remember they are bhūtebhyaḥ (भूतेभ्यः).
Next
1.1.13. The elements are earth, water, fire, wind, and space.