1.1.14
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.14
गन्धरसरूपस्पर्शशब्दाः पृथिव्यादिगुणास् तदर्थाः
gandharasarūpasparśaśabdāḥ pṛthivyādiguṇās tadarthāḥ
The line
Smell, taste, color, touch, and sound are the qualities of earth and the following elements, and those are the objects.
नेपालीमा
गन्ध, रस, रङ्ग, स्पर्श र शब्द पृथ्वी र त्यसपछिका भूतका गुण हुन्, र ती नै विषय हुन्।
Where it sits
artha from 1.1.9 is the word being defined. The elements of 1.1.13 and the senses of 1.1.12 are in force as the two series this line ties together.
Split: gandha-rasa-rūpa-sparśa-śabdāḥ (गन्ध-रस-रूप-स्पर्श-शब्दाः) + pṛthivī-ādi-guṇāḥ (पृथिवी-आदि-गुणाः) + tad-arthāḥ (तद्-अर्थाः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| gandha-rasa-rūpa-sparśa-śabdāḥ (गन्ध-रस-रूप-स्पर्श-शब्दाः) | nominative plural, masculine | smell, taste, color, touch, and sound |
| pṛthivī-ādi-guṇāḥ (पृथिवी-आदि-गुणाः) | nominative plural, masculine | the qualities of earth and the rest |
| tad-arthāḥ (तद्-अर्थाः) | nominative plural, masculine | those objects |
The phrases
The order continues. gandha lines up with earth and the nose. rasa lines up with water and the tongue. rūpa (रूप) lines up with fire and the eye. sparśa (स्पर्श) lines up with wind and the skin. śabda (शब्द) lines up with space and the ear.
pṛthivyādi (पृथिव्यादि) means earth and the elements that follow it in 1.1.13. These five are qualities, guṇa (गुण), of those elements. tadarthāḥ (तदर्थाः) then places them as the arthas, the objects of the senses. artha in the prameya list is this, not yet the fruit of action.
Sanskrit in this line
guṇāḥ (गुणाः) before tadarthāḥ (तदर्थाः) is recited guṇās (गुणास्). ādi (आदि) means 'and the rest', so pṛthivyādi (पृथिव्यादि) does not add a sixth element.
Say it back
Match each quality to its element and its sense, in the order already given.
Next
1.1.15. Awareness, apprehension, and knowing are one thing, not three.