1.1.28
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.28
सर्वतन्त्राविरुद्धस् तन्त्रेऽधिकृतोऽर्थः सर्वतन्त्रसिद्धान्तः
sarvatantrāviruddhas tantre 'dhikṛto 'rthaḥ sarvatantrasiddhāntaḥ
The line
A tenet of all systems is a thing taken up in a system and opposed by no system.
नेपालीमा
सबै दर्शनको सिद्धान्त त्यो कुरा हो जुन एउटा दर्शनमा लिइन्छ र कुनै दर्शनले विरोध गर्दैन।
Where it sits
sarvatantra from 1.1.27 is the kind being defined. siddhānta (सिद्धान्त) from 1.1.26 is the genus still in force.
Split: sarvatantra-aviruddhaḥ (सर्वतन्त्र-अविरुद्धः) + tantre (तन्त्रे) + adhikṛtaḥ (अधिकृतः) + arthaḥ (अर्थः) + sarvatantra-siddhāntaḥ (सर्वतन्त्र-सिद्धान्तः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sarvatantra-aviruddhaḥ (सर्वतन्त्र-अविरुद्धः) | nominative singular, masculine | not opposed by any system |
| tantre (तन्त्रे) | locative singular, neuter | in a system |
| adhikṛtaḥ (अधिकृतः) | nominative singular, masculine | taken up |
| arthaḥ (अर्थः) | nominative singular, masculine | a thing, a tenet |
| sarvatantra-siddhāntaḥ (सर्वतन्त्र-सिद्धान्तः) | nominative singular, masculine | a tenet of all systems |
The phrases
Two conditions. The artha is adhikṛta (अधिकृत) in a tantra, taken up as part of this teaching. And it is sarvatantrāviruddha (सर्वतन्त्राविरुद्ध), not in conflict with any system.
A fact that every school can use, and that this school does use, is this kind of tenet. It is common ground of a stronger sort than a mere example. The example was shared understanding. This is a tenet no system rejects.
Sanskrit in this line
aviruddhaḥ (अविरुद्धः) before tantre is recited aviruddhas. tantre before adhikṛtaḥ (अधिकृतः) is tantre 'dhikṛta (धिकृत), and adhikṛtaḥ (अधिकृतः) before arthaḥ (अर्थः) is adhikṛto (अधिकृतो) 'rthaḥ (र्थः). adhikṛta (अधिकृत) is the past participle of adhi-kṛ (अधि-कृ), 'to place at the head'.
Say it back
Gloss sarvatantrasiddhānta (सर्वतन्त्रसिद्धान्त) with the pair aviruddha and adhikṛta (अधिकृत).
Next
1.1.29. A tenet of one system is established in one's own system and not established in another.