1.1.27
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.27
स चतुर्विधः सर्वतन्त्रप्रतितन्त्राधिकरणाभ्युपगमसंस्थित्यर्थान्तरभावात्
sa caturvidhaḥ sarvatantrapratitantrādhikaraṇābhyupagamasaṃsthityarthāntarabhāvāt
The line
The established tenet is fourfold, because a settling common to all systems, one particular to a system, one that belongs to a topic, and one that is accepted are different from each other.
नेपालीमा
सिद्धान्त चार प्रकारको हुन्छ, किनकि सबै दर्शनमा साझा निश्चय, एउटा दर्शनको मात्र निश्चय, विषयको निश्चय र स्वीकारिएको निश्चय एकअर्काभन्दा फरक छन्।
Where it sits
saḥ (सः) supplies siddhāntaḥ (सिद्धान्तः) from 1.1.26. tantra, adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण), and abhyupagama from that line are in force and are now divided.
Split: saḥ (सः) + caturvidhaḥ (चतुर्विधः) + sarvatantra-pratitantra-adhikaraṇa-abhyupagama-saṃsthiti-arthāntara-bhāvāt (सर्वतन्त्र-प्रतितन्त्र-अधिकरण-अभ्युपगम-संस्थिति-अर्थान्तर-भावात्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| saḥ (सः) | nominative singular, masculine | it |
| caturvidhaḥ (चतुर्विधः) | nominative singular, masculine | of four kinds |
| sarvatantra-pratitantra-adhikaraṇa-abhyupagama-saṃsthiti-arthāntara-bhāvāt (सर्वतन्त्र-प्रतितन्त्र-अधिकरण-अभ्युपगम-संस्थिति-अर्थान्तर-भावात्) | ablative singular, masculine | because the settlings that are common to all systems, particular to one system, topical, and accepted are different things |
The phrases
saḥ (सः) is siddhānta (सिद्धान्त). caturvidha says four, not three. The long ablative names the four and says why they are four: each is an arthāntara (अर्थान्तर), a different thing, relative to the others.
The four are sarvatantra, a tenet of every system; pratitantra, a tenet of one system; adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण), a tenet that carries a topic; and abhyupagama, a tenet accepted so that inquiry can go on. saṃsthiti (संस्थिति) is the settling in each case. The next four lines define them in this order.
Sanskrit in this line
arthāntarabhāva (अर्थान्तरभाव) means 'the condition of being another thing'. The ablative gives the reason of the fourfold split. saḥ (सः) before caturvidha is recited sa.
Say it back
Name the four siddhāntas (सिद्धान्त) in order: sarvatantra, pratitantra, adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण), abhyupagama.
Next
1.1.28. A tenet of all systems is a thing accepted in this system and opposed by none.