1.1.6
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.6
प्रसिद्धसाधर्म्यात् साध्यसाधनमुपमानम्
prasiddhasādharmyāt sādhyasādhanam upamānam
The line
Comparison is the establishing of what is to be known, by likeness to something already known.
नेपालीमा
उपमान पहिले जानिएको कुरासँगको सादृश्यले जान्नुपर्ने कुरा सिद्ध गर्नु हो।
Where it sits
upamāna (उपमान) from 1.1.3 is the word being defined. The sādhya-sādhana (साध्य-साधन) pattern returns later for the reason, so keep the two words distinct now.
Split: prasiddha-sādharmyāt (प्रसिद्ध-साधर्म्यात्) + sādhya-sādhanam (साध्य-साधनम्) + upamānam (उपमानम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| prasiddha-sādharmyāt (प्रसिद्ध-साधर्म्यात्) | ablative singular, neuter | from likeness to what is already known |
| sādhya-sādhanam (साध्य-साधनम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the establishing of what is to be established |
| upamānam (उपमानम्) | nominative singular, neuter | comparison |
The phrases
Someone knows a cow well. That knowing is prasiddha, already settled. A likeness, sādharmya (साधर्म्य), is then given between that cow and an animal not yet tied to a name. By that likeness the new animal is established. That establishing is upamāna (उपमान).
sādhya (साध्य) is whatever still has to be fixed. Here it is the link of a name, or of a sort, to the thing one meets. sādhana (साधन) is the making of that link. The ablative prasiddhasādharmyāt (प्रसिद्धसाधर्म्यात्) is the route, not a separate pramāṇa (प्रमाण).
Sanskrit in this line
sādharmya (साधर्म्य) is an abstract from sa-dharma (धर्म), 'having a property in common'. The ablative marks the means.
Say it back
Gloss upamāna (उपमान) as sādhyasādhana (साध्यसाधन) that runs through prasiddhasādharmya (प्रसिद्धसाधर्म्य).
Next
1.1.7. Word, as a means of knowing, is the teaching of a reliable person.