1.2.1
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.2.1
प्रमाणतर्कसाधनोपालम्भः सिद्धान्ताविरुद्धः पञ्चावयवोपपन्नः पक्षप्रतिपक्षपरिग्रहो वादः
pramāṇatarkasādhanopālambhaḥ siddhāntāviruddhaḥ pañcāvayavopapannaḥ pakṣapratipakṣaparigraho vādaḥ
The line
Honest debate is the taking up of a thesis and a counter-thesis, proving and attacking by the means of knowing and by hypothetical reasoning, not opposing established tenets, and complete with the five members.
नेपालीमा
वाद त्यस्तो बहस हो जसमा पक्ष र प्रतिपक्ष लिइन्छ, जान्ने साधन र तर्कले सिद्ध र खण्डन गरिन्छ, सिद्धान्तको विरोध गरिँदैन, र पाँच अवयव पूरा हुन्छन्।
Where it sits
vāda (वाद) from 1.1.1 is the word being defined. pramāṇa (प्रमाण) from 1.1.3, tarka from 1.1.40, siddhānta (सिद्धान्त) from 1.1.26, the five avayavas from 1.1.32, and pakṣa (पक्ष) and pratipakṣa (प्रतिपक्ष) from 1.1.41 are all in force.
Split: pramāṇa-tarka-sādhana-upālambhaḥ (प्रमाण-तर्क-साधन-उपालम्भः) + siddhānta-aviruddhaḥ (सिद्धान्त-अविरुद्धः) + pañca-avayava-upapannaḥ (पञ्च-अवयव-उपपन्नः) + pakṣa-pratipakṣa-parigrahaḥ (पक्ष-प्रतिपक्ष-परिग्रहः) + vādaḥ (वादः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| pramāṇa-tarka-sādhana-upālambhaḥ (प्रमाण-तर्क-साधन-उपालम्भः) | nominative singular, masculine | proving and attacking by means of knowing and by hypothetical reasoning |
| siddhānta-aviruddhaḥ (सिद्धान्त-अविरुद्धः) | nominative singular, masculine | not in conflict with established tenets |
| pañca-avayava-upapannaḥ (पञ्च-अवयव-उपपन्नः) | nominative singular, masculine | furnished with the five members |
| pakṣa-pratipakṣa-parigrahaḥ (पक्ष-प्रतिपक्ष-परिग्रहः) | nominative singular, masculine | the taking up of a thesis and a counter-thesis |
| vādaḥ (वादः) | nominative singular, masculine | honest debate |
The phrases
vāda (वाद) is the first of the three debates. Both sides are really held. pakṣa (पक्ष) and pratipakṣa (प्रतिपक्ष) are each parigṛhīta (परिगृहीत), taken up, not mimed.
The work of the debate is sādhana (साधन) and upālambha (उपालम्भ), establishing and finding fault. The tools for both are pramāṇa (प्रमाण) and tarka, not quibble and not a point of defeat. The statement uses the five members. And the whole stays siddhāntāviruddha (सिद्धान्ताविरुद्ध), inside what has been accepted as tenet. The aim is the decision of the previous line.
Sanskrit in this line
upālambha (उपालम्भ) is the attack, from upa-labh in the sense of catching a fault. upapanna means furnished with. parigraha is the taking up. Each of these compounds is a nominative masculine describing vāda (वाद).
Say it back
List the four marks of vāda (वाद). jalpa will keep them and add other tools.