1.2.3
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.2.3
स प्रतिपक्षस्थापनाहीनो वितण्डा
sa pratipakṣasthāpanāhīno vitaṇḍā
The line
Cavil is that wrangling when it lacks the establishing of a counter-thesis.
नेपालीमा
वितण्डा त्यो जल्प हो जसमा प्रतिपक्षको सिद्धि हुँदैन।
Where it sits
saḥ (सः) supplies jalpaḥ (जल्पः) from 1.2.2, and with it the yathokta marks of vāda (वाद). pratipakṣa (प्रतिपक्ष) from 1.2.1 is the side that is missing. vitaṇḍā (वितण्डा) from 1.1.1 is the word being defined.
Split: saḥ (सः) + pratipakṣa-sthāpanā-hīnaḥ (प्रतिपक्ष-स्थापना-हीनः) + vitaṇḍā (वितण्डा)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| saḥ (सः) | nominative singular, masculine | it |
| pratipakṣa-sthāpanā-hīnaḥ (प्रतिपक्ष-स्थापना-हीनः) | nominative singular, masculine | lacking the establishing of a counter-thesis |
| vitaṇḍā (वितण्डा) | nominative singular, feminine | cavil, mere attack |
The phrases
saḥ (सः) is jalpa. vitaṇḍā (वितण्डा) keeps the attacking tools and drops one thing: sthāpanā (स्थापना) of a pratipakṣa (प्रतिपक्ष). There is no counter-position set up and defended.
The debater only tears at the other side. hīna (हीन) means deprived of. Because no position of one's own is established, the debate cannot close in a decision between two held views. It is still a kind of jalpa, which is why saḥ (सः) can point there.
Sanskrit in this line
vitaṇḍā (वितण्डा) is feminine, while saḥ (सः) and hīnaḥ (हीनः) are masculine with jalpa. The line predicates the feminine name of that masculine subject. saḥ (सः) before p is recited sa, and hīnaḥ (हीनः) before vitaṇḍā (वितण्डा) is recited hīno (हीनो).
Say it back
Distinguish the three debates by whether both sides are established, and by which tools are allowed.