2.1.26
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.1.26
प्रत्यक्षनिमित्तत्वात् च इन्द्रियार्थयोः सन्निकर्षस्य स्वशब्देन वचनम्
pratyakṣanimittatvāt ca indriyārthayoḥ sannikarṣasya svaśabdena vacanam
The line
Because of a compound: direct, the efficient ground, and the state of being that and, of a compound: a sense, and a thing, a meaning, of contact, by means of a compound: one's own, and a word, a statement.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: pratyakṣa-nimitta-tvāt (प्रत्यक्ष-निमित्त-त्वात्) + ca (च) + indriya-arthayoḥ (इन्द्रिय-अर्थयोः) + sannikarṣasya (सन्निकर्षस्य) + sva-śabdena (स्व-शब्देन) + vacanam (वचनम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| pratyakṣa-nimitta-tvāt (प्रत्यक्ष-निमित्त-त्वात्) | ablative singular | a compound: direct, the efficient ground, and the state of being that. Read it from the end |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| indriya-arthayoḥ (इन्द्रिय-अर्थयोः) | genitive or locative dual | a compound: a sense, and a thing, a meaning. Read it from the end |
| sannikarṣasya (सन्निकर्षस्य) | genitive singular | contact |
| sva-śabdena (स्व-शब्देन) | instrumental singular | a compound: one's own, and a word. Read it from the end |
| vacanam (वचनम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a statement |
The phrases
pratyakṣa-nimitta-tvāt (प्रत्यक्ष-निमित्त-त्वात्) is a compound: direct, the efficient ground, and the state of being that. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. indriya-arthayoḥ (इन्द्रिय-अर्थयोः) is a compound: a sense, and a thing, a meaning. Read it from the end. It stands as genitive or locative dual.
sannikarṣasya (सन्निकर्षस्य) is contact. It stands as genitive singular. sva-śabdena (स्व-शब्देन) is a compound: one's own, and a word. Read it from the end. It stands as instrumental singular. vacanam (वचनम्) is a statement. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
pratyakṣa-nimitta-tvāt (प्रत्यक्ष-निमित्त-त्वात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss pratyakṣa-nimitta-tvāt (प्रत्यक्ष-निमित्त-त्वात्) and indriya-arthayoḥ (इन्द्रिय-अर्थयोः).