2.1.31
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.1.31
प्रत्यक्षमनुमानमेकदेशग्रहणातुपलब्धेः
pratyakṣam anumānam ekadeśagrahaṇāt upalabdheḥ
The line
Direct, inference, because of a compound: one part, and a grasping, of a finding.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: pratyakṣam (प्रत्यक्षम्) + anumānam (अनुमानम्) + ekadeśa-grahaṇāt (एकदेश-ग्रहणात्) + upalabdheḥ (उपलब्धेः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| pratyakṣam (प्रत्यक्षम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | direct |
| anumānam (अनुमानम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | inference |
| ekadeśa-grahaṇāt (एकदेश-ग्रहणात्) | ablative singular | a compound: one part, and a grasping. Read it from the end |
| upalabdheḥ (उपलब्धेः) | genitive or ablative singular | a finding |
The phrases
pratyakṣam (प्रत्यक्षम्) is direct. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. anumānam (अनुमानम्) is inference. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
ekadeśa-grahaṇāt (एकदेश-ग्रहणात्) is a compound: one part, and a grasping. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. upalabdheḥ (उपलब्धेः) is a finding. It stands as genitive or ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
ekadeśa-grahaṇāt (एकदेश-ग्रहणात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss pratyakṣam (प्रत्यक्षम्) and anumānam (अनुमानम्).