2.1.32
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.1.32
न, प्रत्यक्षेण यावत् तावतपि उपलम्भात्
na, pratyakṣeṇa yāvat tāvat api upalambhāt
The line
Not by means of direct, as long as, as far as, so long, so far, first even, because of upalambha (उपलम्भ).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: na (न) + pratyakṣeṇa (प्रत्यक्षेण) + yāvat (यावत्) + tāvat (तावत्) + api (अपि) + upalambhāt (उपलम्भात्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| pratyakṣeṇa (प्रत्यक्षेण) | instrumental singular | direct |
| yāvat (यावत्) | indeclinable | as long as, as far as |
| tāvat (तावत्) | indeclinable | so long, so far, first |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | also, even |
| upalambhāt (उपलम्भात्) | ablative singular | upalambha (उपलम्भ) |
The phrases
na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. pratyakṣeṇa (प्रत्यक्षेण) is direct. It stands as instrumental singular. yāvat (यावत्) is as long as, as far as. It stands as indeclinable.
tāvat (तावत्) is so long, so far, first. It stands as indeclinable. api (अपि) is also, even. It stands as indeclinable. upalambhāt (उपलम्भात्) is upalambha (उपलम्भ). It stands as ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
pratyakṣeṇa (प्रत्यक्षेण) is instrumental singular. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss pratyakṣeṇa (प्रत्यक्षेण) and yāvat (यावत्).