2.1.41
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.1.41
तयोः अपि अभावः वर्तमानाभावे, तदपेक्षत्वात्
tayoḥ api abhāvaḥ vartamānābhāve, tadapekṣatvāt
The line
Of of the two, in the two even, absence, in a compound: varta (वर्त), a measure, a means of knowing, and absence, because of tadapekṣatva (तदपेक्षत्व).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: tayoḥ (तयोः) + api (अपि) + abhāvaḥ (अभावः) + varta-māna-abhāve (वर्त-मान-अभावे) + tadapekṣatvāt (तदपेक्षत्वात्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tayoḥ (तयोः) | genitive or locative dual | of the two, in the two |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | also, even |
| abhāvaḥ (अभावः) | nominative singular, masculine | absence |
| varta-māna-abhāve (वर्त-मान-अभावे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: varta (वर्त), a measure, a means of knowing, and absence. Read it from the end |
| tadapekṣatvāt (तदपेक्षत्वात्) | ablative singular | tadapekṣatva (तदपेक्षत्व) |
The phrases
tayoḥ (तयोः) is of the two, in the two. It stands as genitive or locative dual. api (अपि) is also, even. It stands as indeclinable. abhāvaḥ (अभावः) is absence. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
varta-māna-abhāve (वर्त-मान-अभावे) is a compound: varta (वर्त), a measure, a means of knowing, and absence. Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. tadapekṣatvāt (तदपेक्षत्वात्) is tadapekṣatva (तदपेक्षत्व). It stands as ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
varta-māna-abhāve (वर्त-मान-अभावे) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss tayoḥ (तयोः) and abhāvaḥ (अभावः).