2.1.40
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.1.40
वर्तमानाभावः, पततः पतितपतितव्यकालोपपत्तेः
vartamānābhāvaḥ, patataḥ patitapatitavyakālopapatteḥ
The line
A compound: varta (वर्त), a measure, a means of knowing, and absence, patata (पतत), of patitapatitavyakālopapatta (पतितपतितव्यकालोपपत्त).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: varta-māna-abhāvaḥ (वर्त-मान-अभावः) + patataḥ (पततः) + patitapatitavyakālopapatteḥ (पतितपतितव्यकालोपपत्तेः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| varta-māna-abhāvaḥ (वर्त-मान-अभावः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: varta (वर्त), a measure, a means of knowing, and absence. Read it from the end |
| patataḥ (पततः) | nominative singular, masculine | patata (पतत) |
| patitapatitavyakālopapatteḥ (पतितपतितव्यकालोपपत्तेः) | genitive or ablative singular | patitapatitavyakālopapatta (पतितपतितव्यकालोपपत्त) |
The phrases
varta-māna-abhāvaḥ (वर्त-मान-अभावः) is a compound: varta (वर्त), a measure, a means of knowing, and absence. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. patataḥ (पततः) is patata (पतत). It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
patitapatitavyakālopapatteḥ (पतितपतितव्यकालोपपत्तेः) is patitapatitavyakālopapatta (पतितपतितव्यकालोपपत्त). It stands as genitive or ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
patitapatitavyakālopapatteḥ (पतितपतितव्यकालोपपत्तेः) is genitive or ablative singular. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss varta-māna-abhāvaḥ (वर्त-मान-अभावः) and patataḥ (पततः).