2.1.43
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.1.43
वर्तमानाभावे सर्वाग्रहणं प्रत्यक्षानुपपत्तेः
vartamānābhāve sarvāgrahaṇaṃ pratyakṣānupapatteḥ
The line
In a compound: varta (वर्त), a measure, a means of knowing, and absence, a compound: sarvā (सर्वा), and a grasping, of a compound: toward, against, akṣā (अक्षा), nupa (नुप), and patta (पत्त).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: varta-māna-abhāve (वर्त-मान-अभावे) + sarvā-grahaṇaṃ (सर्वा-ग्रहणं) + prati-akṣā-nupa-patteḥ (प्रति-अक्षा-नुप-पत्तेः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| varta-māna-abhāve (वर्त-मान-अभावे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: varta (वर्त), a measure, a means of knowing, and absence. Read it from the end |
| sarvā-grahaṇaṃ (सर्वा-ग्रहणं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a compound: sarvā (सर्वा), and a grasping. Read it from the end |
| prati-akṣā-nupa-patteḥ (प्रति-अक्षा-नुप-पत्तेः) | genitive or ablative singular | a compound: toward, against, akṣā (अक्षा), nupa (नुप), and patta (पत्त). Read it from the end |
The phrases
varta-māna-abhāve (वर्त-मान-अभावे) is a compound: varta (वर्त), a measure, a means of knowing, and absence. Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. sarvā-grahaṇaṃ (सर्वा-ग्रहणं) is a compound: sarvā (सर्वा), and a grasping. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
prati-akṣā-nupa-patteḥ (प्रति-अक्षा-नुप-पत्तेः) is a compound: toward, against, akṣā (अक्षा), nupa (नुप), and patta (पत्त). Read it from the end. It stands as genitive or ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
prati-akṣā-nupa-patteḥ (प्रति-अक्षा-नुप-पत्तेः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss varta-māna-abhāve (वर्त-मान-अभावे) and sarvā-grahaṇaṃ (सर्वा-ग्रहणं).