2.1.47
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.1.47
प्रत्यक्षेण अप्रत्यक्षसिद्धेः
pratyakṣeṇa apratyakṣasiddheḥ
The line
By means of direct, of a compound: apra (अप्र), tyakṣa (त्यक्ष), and established.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The line is short. prasiddha-sādharmyāt (प्रसिद्ध-साधर्म्यात्) from 2.1.46 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: pratyakṣeṇa (प्रत्यक्षेण) + apra-tyakṣa-siddheḥ (अप्र-त्यक्ष-सिद्धेः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| pratyakṣeṇa (प्रत्यक्षेण) | instrumental singular | direct |
| apra-tyakṣa-siddheḥ (अप्र-त्यक्ष-सिद्धेः) | genitive or ablative singular | a compound: apra (अप्र), tyakṣa (त्यक्ष), and established. Read it from the end |
The phrases
pratyakṣeṇa (प्रत्यक्षेण) is direct. It stands as instrumental singular.
apra-tyakṣa-siddheḥ (अप्र-त्यक्ष-सिद्धेः) is a compound: apra (अप्र), tyakṣa (त्यक्ष), and established. Read it from the end. It stands as genitive or ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
apra-tyakṣa-siddheḥ (अप्र-त्यक्ष-सिद्धेः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss pratyakṣeṇa (प्रत्यक्षेण) and apra-tyakṣa-siddheḥ (अप्र-त्यक्ष-सिद्धेः).
Next
2.1.48. An unperceived gavaya gives comparison nothing to grasp.