2.1.49
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.1.49
तथा इति उपसंहारातुपमानसिद्धेः न अविशेषः
tathā iti upasaṃhārāt upamānasiddheḥ na aviśeṣaḥ
The line
Because of the gathering 'thus,' comparison is established, and it does not collapse into something with no mark of its own.
नेपालीमा
यसरी भन्ने सङ्ग्रहका कारण उपमान सिद्ध हुन्छ, र त्यो आफ्नै चिह्न नभएको कुरामा खस्दैन।
Where it sits
2.1.48 said an unperceived gavaya (गवय) leaves comparison idle. This line answers with the moment the animal is seen and judged 'thus.' 1.1.6 remains the definition: establishing what is to be known, from likeness to what is already known.
Split: tathā (तथा) + iti (इति) + upasaṃhārāt (उपसंहारात्) + upamāna-siddheḥ (उपमान-सिद्धेः) + na (न) + aviśeṣaḥ (अविशेषः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tathā (तथा) | indeclinable | thus. In that way. The judgment passed on the animal in front of you. |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | marking the thought. It brackets tathā (तथा) as what is gathered. |
| upasaṃhārāt (उपसंहारात्) | ablative singular, masculine | because of the gathering-in. The step that collects the seen animal and the remembered likeness into one judgment. |
| upamāna-siddheḥ (उपमान-सिद्धेः) | ablative singular, feminine | because comparison is established. siddhi (सिद्धि) is the being-settled of a thing. |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| aviśeṣaḥ (अविशेषः) | nominative singular, masculine | non-difference. A collapse into something with no mark of its own. |
The phrases
tathā iti (तथा इति) is the judgment 'it is thus,' passed when the forest animal is seen by someone who was told the likeness. upasaṃhāra (उपसंहार) is that collecting.
na aviśeṣaḥ (न अविशेषः) says comparison does not collapse into bare seeing. Seeing gives the animal. The gathering 'thus' gives the tie to the name one was taught. That tie is upamāna (उपमान).
Sanskrit in this line
upasaṃhārāt (उपसंहारात्) is the ablative of upasaṃhāra (उपसंहार). siddheḥ (सिद्धेः) is the ablative of siddhi (सिद्धि), feminine. aviśeṣaḥ (अविशेषः) is a (अ) + viśeṣa (विशेष), the privative. The file writes the line with spaces, tathā (तथा) iti (इति) upasaṃhārāt (उपसंहारात्) upamānasiddheḥ (उपमानसिद्धेः) na (न) aviśeṣaḥ (अविशेषः).
Say it back
Say what tathā iti (तथा इति) is doing in the picture of the cow and the gavaya.
Next
2.1.50. A word, inference, of of the thing, of not being found, because of anumeyatva (अनुमेयत्व).